Studied by 26 people3 bases
How many bases to code for each amino acid?
AUG
What is the START Codon?
UAA
What is the STOP Codon?
DNA
This is double-stranded, it is a 5 carbon sugar, has nitrogen bases, has deoxyribose, and the Nucleus makes up the chromosomes.
RNA
This is single-stranded, it is a 5 carbon sugar and ribose, has nitrogen bases, and the ribosomes, cytoplasm, and Rough ER make up the chromosomes for this.
1st step of Protein Synthesis
DNA sends directions on how to make needed protein and “summons” RNA
2nd Step of Protein Synthesis
mRNA goes to nucleus for directions and returns to ribosomes
3rd Step of Protein Synthesis
tRNA translates the message from mRNA
4th step of Protein Synthesis
tRNA fetches the needed amino acids from cytoplasm and brings to ribosome
5th step of Protein Synthesis
rRNA assembles new protein
Transcription
DNA to mRNA, This happens when DNA unzips and makes an RNA copy of itself, process by which a molecule of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA.
Translation
mRNA to tRNA, this happens when a sequence of bases in mRNA is used to make a sequence of amino acids, the process of decoding mRNA into a protein.
Hydrogen Bonds
What type of bonds do bases have?
Peptide Bonds
What type of bonds do amino acids have?
Covalent Bonds
What type of bonds do sugars have?
Transformation
when an organism accepts a bit of foreign DNA and is “transformed” to have new capabilities
Abiogenesis
theory that life could originate from nonliving things, aka Spontaneous Generation. Ex: Needham
Biogenesis
life originates only from other living things
Spallanzani
found significant errors in the experiments conducted by Needham and, after trying several variations on them, disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.
Francisco Redi
experiment with meat and was trying to disprove spontaneous generation by using flies and maggots. One jar was completely open, the other was tightly shut, and the other had a cloth over the jar, gauze was used to close the jars.
Louis Pasteur
his experiment disproved the myth of spontaneous generation.experiment showed that a boiled nutrient broth did not give rise spontaneously to new life, but that if direct access to air was permitted, the broth decomposed, implying that small organisms (in modern terms, microbial spores) had fallen in and started to grow in the broth.
Replication
Another term for DNA synthesis
Proteins and rRNA
Ribosomes are made up of two subunits
Cytosine
Nitrogenous base that bonds with guanine
DNA
Nucleic acid that carries the genetic code of an organism
Ase
Suffix that identifies a substance as an enzyme
Codon
Code word formed by three nitrogenous bases on a strand of mRNA
Enzyme
Protein molecule that can speed up a chemical reaction
Nucleotides
Molecular units that join to form DNA
Anticodon
Three nitrogenous bases on a strand of tRNA
mRNA
Molecule that carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
tRNA
molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome
Base
Type of pairing that holds together the two strands of DNA
Oxytocin
the pituitary hormone that helps regulate blood pressure, stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth, and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth.
Ribosome
Where does Protein Synthesis take place in a cell?
Point Mutation
What would be the effect of a substitution of one of the bases in a Codon?
Frame Shift Mutation
What would be the effect of an addition or a deletion of one of the bases in a Codon?
Deoxyribose
sugar found in DNA
Mutation
any mistake or change in the DNA sequence
Plants
Chromosomal mutations are common in
Translocation
When part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome
Spontaneous Mutations
Mutations that occur at random
Mutagen
An agent that can cause a change in DNA
Sugar
Ribose is a type of
Uracil
In RNA, thymine is replaced by
Nucleus
In eukaryotic cells, RNA is copied from DNA in the
Transcription
New mRNA is made through the process of
Gene
A large region of DNA that directs the formation of a protein is called a(n)
Note
Flashcard