Acids and Bases Review

Flashcards from lecture notes on acids and bases, covering nomenclature, definitions, and pH calculations.

What are binary acids?

Acids containing only hydrogen and another element.

What is the naming convention for binary acids?

hydro- element name -ic acid (e.g., HCl = hydrochloric acid)

What are oxyacids?

Acids that include a polyatomic ion containing oxygen.

If the polyatomic ion ends with “-ite”, what suffix does the acid have?

The acid has an “-ous” suffix.

If the polyatomic ion ends with “-ate”, what suffix does the acid have?

The acid has an “-ic” suffix.

Name the acid: Hydrofluoric acid

HF

Name the acid: Sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

Name the acid: Nitric acid

HNO₃

Name the acid: Hydrosulfuric acid

H₂S

According to the Arrhenius definition, what is an acid?

A compound that adds H+ ions into an aqueous solution (H+ donor).

According to the Arrhenius definition, what is a base?

A compound that adds OH- ions into an aqueous solution (OH- donor).

What is neutralization?

Reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral product.

What products are formed when neutralizing Arrhenius acids and bases?

Formation of a salt and water (H2O).

According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what is an acid?

A proton (H+) donor.

According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what is a base?

A proton (H+) acceptor.

What are reversible acid/base reactions?

Acid/base reactions that can proceed in both forward and reverse directions.

What are conjugate acid/base pairs?

Pairs of species that differ by the presence or absence of a proton (H+).

According to the Lewis definition, what is an acid?

Electron acceptor.

According to the Lewis definition, what is a base?

Electron donor.

What is the autoionization of water equation?

H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-

What are the concentrations of [H+] and [OH-] in pure water?

[H+] = 1x10-7 M, [OH-] = 1x10-7 M

What are the pH and pOH values for pure water?

pH = 7, pOH = 7

What formula is used to calculate [H+] from pH?

[H+] = 10–pH

What is the pH scale?

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution in water is.

How do pH values relate to acidity and basicity?

Neutral = 7, Acidic < 7, Basic > 7

In the equation f(x) = 2x, what does the exponent represent?

The rate of growth.

What is the general form of an exponential function?

bx = y

What is the general form of a logarithmic function?

logb(y) = x

What is the formula to calculate pH from [H+]?

pH = - log10[H+]

What is the formula to calculate pOH from [OH-]?

pOH = -log10[OH-]

What is the relationship between [H+] and [OH-] at 25°C?

[H+]*[OH-] = 10^-14 M

What is the relationship between pH and pOH?

pH + pOH = 14