(Questions) Environmental Science Exam 3

The metal(s) that is/are most important in global economics is/are?

Iron

Heap-lead extraction removes gold from ore by

Spraying cyanide on a pile of ore gravel

When geologic materials moves down slope it is known as

Mass wasting

The high rate of poaching of rhinoceros is due mostly to

The belief in medicinal value of their horns for “traditional” medicines and to display success and wealth

A species that is naturally rare or that has been depleted to dangerous levels is known, according to the Endangered Species Act, as a(n) species.

Vulnerable

The main reason for the current high rate of animal extinctions is

Habitat destruction worldwide

Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of

Niches, trophic levels and ecological processes of a biological community

The process that happens when pesticides residues evaporate from soil and water in warm areas, and then condense in and precipitate in colder regions is called

The grasshopper effect

With respect to chemical pest controls, integrated pest management (IPM) uses

The minimum amount necessary as a last resort

Pest resurgence is part of the problem of pesticide resistance and happens when a pest organism

That is tolerant of the pesticide survives and produces tolerant offspring

Which of the following pesticide type is extremely toxic to workers who apply them?

Fumigants

Wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in

Open, arid regions

Which is the correct order of the soil horizons from top down?

O,A,E.B

High responder crops of the green revolution produce tremendous yields

In response to fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation

When was the purpose of the Green Revolution?

To increase yields

The three crops that humans rely on for the majority of nutrients and calories are

Wheat, rice and corn

Malnourishment is _____ while undernourished is _____

Deficiencies, excesses, or imbalance in diet: lack of sufficient calories.

Food security has to do with

The ability of a population to obtain food on a day-to-day basis

Food security refers to

the ability to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis.

The locavore movement

entails the consumption of local foods and tends to be less energy consumptive.

Malnourishment

means lacking in certain specific dietary components.

People can suffer malnourishment if they consume large amounts of ________blank instead of ________blank.

fat and sugar; vitamins and protein

What are two common diseases that result from protein deficiencies?

marasmus and kwashiorkor

A drawback of aquaculture in net pens is ________blank.

All of the choices are correct

High responder crops of the green revolution produce tremendous yields

in response to fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation.

According the Harvard food pyramid, which of the following should have the smallest serving amount?

cooked white rice

Most of the livestock grown in North America are

confined in CAFOs.

A diet inadequate in iron produces a condition called

anemia

Below a caloric intake of ________blank kcal per day, on average, a person is considered chronically undernourished.

2,200

High responder crops of the green revolution produce tremendous yields

in response to fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are characterized by all of the following except

they degrade quickly in the environment.

Natural organic pesticides are

extracted from plants and toxic to insects.

Persistent pollutants tend to accumulate in polar regions because

they evaporate in warm areas and condense in cold areas.

Which of the following is the most correct definition of soil?

a complex mixture of organic matter, minerals, and living organisms

Which of the following CANNOT be found in soil?

All of these are found in soil

The richest farming soils that form under the grasslands of central North America and under moist deciduous forests are the ________blank.

mollisols and alfisols

In developed countries, the most recent increases in agricultural productivity have come from 

irrigation, increased fertilization, and new crop varieties

Significant agricultural monetary losses are due to the destruction of ________blank through pesticide spray drift and residues on flowers.

Honeybees

A broad-spectrum biocide is designed to kill

a wide range of living organisms.

Which of the following pesticide types is extremely toxic to workers who apply them?

fumigants

Which of the following are inorganic pesticides?

arsenic, copper, and mercury

DDT is a

chlorinated hydrocarbon (organochloride).

Pest resurgence is part of the problem of pesticide resistance and happens when a pest organism

that is tolerant to the pesticide survives and produces tolerant offspring

Pesticide resistance occurs when a population of pests

genetically changes (through natural selection) and is no longer affected by the chemicals.

The pesticide treadmill occurs when

constantly increasing doses of pesticides are needed to control pests.

Organic pollutants called ________blank are showing up in many different places worldwide, far from their original source. This has led to a widespread movement to ________blank.

persistent organic pollutants; ban twelve of them in developed countries

Integrated pest management utilizes

an ecologically-based approach to pest management.

DDT accumulation disrupted calcium metabolism in the North American eagle, as well as other birds, causing

thin eggshells

The process that happens when pesticide residues evaporate from soil and water in warm areas, and then condense in and precipitate in colder regions is called

the grasshopper effect

The phylogenetic species concept holds that the definition of a species should be

based on branching relationships among species.

Species at imminent risk of extinction are classified as ________blank species.

endangered

Ecological diversity

refers to the richness and complexity of a biological community.

Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of

niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes of a biological community.

The largest contributing factor for the current high rate of animal extinctions is

habitat destruction worldwide.

Invasive (exotic) species tend to ________ the balance of ecosystems and ________ biodiversity.

upset; decrease

The high rate of poaching of rhinoceros is due mostly to

the belief in medicinal value of their horns for 'traditional' medicines.

Conservationists and wildlife managers use gap analysis to

find unprotected landscapes that are rich in species.

Which is the most common of the HIPPO factors?

habitat loss

Which of the following is an example of genetic biodiversity?

three different color variations of the same butterfly species

The goal of the Endangered Species Act is to protect

all species, regardless of their direct usefulness to humans.

The largest contributing factor for the current high rate of animal extinctions is

habitat destruction worldwide.

Habitat fragmentation usually leads to a(n)

decrease in biodiversity.

Conservationists and wildlife managers use gap analysis to

find unprotected landscapes that are rich in species.

Which of the following is a process that directly explains earthquakes?

subduction of an oceanic plate

Smelting is a major source of air pollution which involves

heating ores to release metals.

Coal is derived from ________blank compressed and hardened over millennia.

plant material from swamps

A mineral is composed of

inorganic elements.

Sinkholes and caverns can be produced by

chemical weathering.

Heap-leach extraction removes gold from ore by

spraying cyanide on a pile of ore gravel.

Which term means a solid aggregation of minerals?

rock

Earth's largest mountains are found

under the sea.

The most common element in the earth's crust is

oxygen

Rocks formed from solidified magma are known as ________blank rocks.

igneous

Smelting is a major source of air pollution which involves

heating ores to release metals.

In the diagram, the densest part of the Earth is labeled as

E

Which of the following is NOT a major type of rock?

bituminious

Subduction is the process of a tectonic plate

being forced below another plate.

Water, wind, and glaciers are examples of forces that cause

mechanical weathering.

Which step in the rock cycle is responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks? 

Soil and rock particles get compressed and glued together as additional soil accumulates above forming sedimentary rocks.