3.4 Prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotic Cell Wall made from?

• The glycoprotein murein

• AKA peptidoglycan

Prokaryotic Cell examples

• Bacteria

Prokaryotic ribosome size

70 S

Plasmids

• small loops of DNA

• contains genes

Capsule

Outer most layer of some prokaryotes

E.g bacteria

Capsule Function

• Prevents bacteria from drying out

• Prevents attacks from immune system of host organism

Flagellum

Enables prokaryote to move

Mesosomes

• infolding of cell membrane

• Allows e.g aerobic respiration, photosynthesis, cell wall formation, DNA replication

Circular DNA

• Contains genetic material

• Found in the nucleoid

Ribosomes

• site of protein synthesis

Organelles ALWAYS present in prokaryotes

• Cell wall

• Cell surface membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Circular DNA

• Ribosomes

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes: Genome

Eukaryotes	Prokaryotes
DNA associated with proteins, to form chromosomes	Circular DNA in the cytoplasm

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes: Cell Division

Eukaryotes	Prokaryotes
Mitosis or meiosis	Binary fission

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes: Ribosomes

Eukaryotes	Prokaryotes
80S	70S

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes: Cell Wall

Eukaryotes	Prokaryotes
Peptidoglycan an murein	Plants Cellulose Lignin Fungi Chitin Animal NO CELL WALL