Paper 1: Semester 1 Final

Social Impact on Women (BT)

pushed into workforce/military, dealing with emotional burden, and public opinion backlash

women in workforce/military

Emily Lewis believed that she could make a difference after hearing about Pearl Harbor, stating that if she could help, she wanted to. Lewis ended up working in the army as a nurse.

Emma Petcher applied to work at Brookley Field out of high school, citing her love for taking things apart like her father. She learned about airplane accessories so that she would be any airplanes that came in for repair

women and emotional burden

Emma Petcher remembered how other women who lived at the YWCA in Mobile (where she worked) would go out with men and then get pregnant, leaving them frustrated as many of the men could not stay

Jeroline Green married her husband Walter Thompson after six months of first meeting him, feeling as if the war may go on for another day, or another 100 years

public pushback on women

the media pushed back against women in the workforce, highlighting how they strayed from traditional gender roles. children of working women were called “8-hour orphans” who were under the care of often govern funded centers

this pushback was fueled by the Lanham act which provided federal government funded daycare centers to support mothers at work

Social Impact on Minorities

were able to gain jobs/military, but faced intensive racism and lack of acknowledgement for some groups (BT: 2 Japanese internment, BT 3: AA and Mexicans treated poorly

Minorities in workforce and military

Despite mass deporting Mexican Americans during the Great Depression as a result of high job competition, the government created Bracero program for temporary migration program for Mexicans to come and work in the US - got ppl in bc business who wanted to participate were required to provide decent housing/medical care (higher standard of living than Mexico)

Tuskgee Airmen: following the approval of the training of AA pilots, Black soliders passed intelligence tests before being deployed to Europe where they served in Italy, France, and more - never lost a bomber they escorted

intensive racism/lack of acknowledgement

John Gray remembers walking home crying after having to work all night + walk home itself + deal with officers being racist “Take off your hat when you talk to a white man”

• if this doesn’t work, talk about tuskegee airmen being called trainees > responded with civil disobedience but then are arrested for segregation acts

Zoot Suit Riots: Panchucos, men who were too young to serve were named after the unique style of clothing they wore, were beat by servicemen, stripped of clothing and had their hair cut >

intensive racism - japanese internment

In an excerpt by Toku Machia Shimomura, a Japanese internee at the Minidoka Camp in Idaho, she writes that those who were sick were kept in jail-like cells and that the heat of the cell went up to 120 degrees on a hot day

In another journal entry, she mentioned how her blood pressure went up to 185/100, which is a sign to reach out for immediate quality medical aid, or else face life-threatening complications

Treatment of Japanese

BT 1: broke down family structure

BT 2: affected health

BT 3: treated them as objects

Treatment of Japanese breaking down family stucture

In the movie Rabbit in the Moon, a woman being interviewed recalls that she could avoid her family by disappearing and that while everyone did it, she did it more than others

Chizu Omori does not remember her younger sisters as she spent do little time with her family

Treatment of Japanese affected health

Toku Machida Shimomura: BP being 185/100

recalls how heat drove another woman, Ms. Tanaguchi passed out due to heat - wanted to go visit Robert in the isolation wards as he had chickenpox and in the sick rooms, temps went up to 120

• opposite problem in Canada since they had to face harsh winters (climate change had not warmed up area) and had poor housing like everyone else

Treatment of Japanese Americans as objects

LAC: US pressured many South American countries to turn in potential spies - 80% of them came from Peru as they were first country to open borders to Japan

when in the US, they were sent to DOJ camps , but Japanese LAC were used in prisoners exchange programs > US deported many post war, but as many LAC countries didn’t want them back, they were deported to Japan

Atomic Bomb BTs

BT: government saying it was needed

BT: (un) conditional surrender

BT: military options

A-Bomb - Necessity ?

Bushido Code, which was adopted by the Japanese military was a samurai code which valued honor, obedience, compassion to enemy. however, this led to non-surrender and kamikaze mentality > due to the Americans witnessing their unwillingness to surrender, the govern claimed that the bomb was the only way to get them to give up thru show of power

Another reason the government stated the bomb was needed was that it would save American soldiers lives - after close to 39,000 wounded and about 12,500 killed at Okinawa (costliest battle), government placed emphasis that dragging the war on would lead to more US casualties - we will never know!

A-Bomb Unconditional Surrender

At Okinawa, civilians were told by a soliders that they should turn themselves in as they lack food before being attacked by other Japanese soldiers, called a spy, and cut his head off

did not need unconditional surrender > could have gotten Emperor taken into custody/negotiated properly with him prior to dropping bomb as that was the biggest thing stopping them from surrendering after Potsdam declaration

A-Bomb Military Options

wait for Soviet entrance to the war - hiroshima dropped before soviets invaded machuria on august 8th, and the bomb was dropped 2 days earlier

conducted land invasion of mainland Japan > lives would be lost, but they would be combatant lives, and not civilian lives like the bomb > bomb resulted in 200,000 direct deaths - would not have to deal with long term effects of radiation, etc