Amino acids and peptides

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What is the function of structual proteins?

They provide strength and micro-/macroscopic structure to organisms

What are examples of structual proteins?

Collagen, keratin, silk

Where can keratin be found?

Keratin can be found in hairs and feathers

what protective proteins provide?

defense mechanisms against attack by other organisms or mechanical damage

What are examples of protective proteins

Antibiotics, antibodies and toxins

What are enzymes?

They are natural compounds that work as catalysts, which maintain metabolic functions, signal transmission

What are examples enzymes?

cholinesterase, a-glycosidase, cytochrome P450

What does bacterial b-glycosidase do?

bacterial b-glycosidase allows to break down cellulosic plant biomass

What Hormones do?

They provide regulatory functions and works as intracellular communication tools

What are examples of hormones?

insuline, luteinizing hormone

What luteinizing do?

it regulates the menstrual cycle

What do Proteins with other physiological functions do?

They provide functions that are neither catalytic nor regulatory

Examples of Proteins with other physiological functions

transport proteins (albumin, hemoglobin)

Albumin

facilitates transport of lipophilic compounds through the blood

What is definition of an amino acid?

A molecule that has carbonate and amine group

What all 20 amino acids share?

They all are L-alpha amino carboxylic acids

What is isoelectric point (Pl)

It’s a point where positive and negative are balanced (no net charge)

How can amino acids be seperated?

By electrophoresis and Ion-exchange chromatography methods

Why does Activation of carboxylic acid do?

It enables reaction with other amino acids

What is peptide bond?

it’s molecule where two amino acids are connected by amide

What is peptide?

oligomers of amino acids with peptide bonds.

they can be linear or cyclic