Crime and Deviance

These flashcards cover key concepts related to crime and deviance from the lecture, focusing on theories, critiques, and the social constructs surrounding crime.

What is Functionalism in the context of crime and deviance?

A perspective that views crime as a natural and inevitable part of society that can play a role in social stability.

Define Anomie.

A state of normlessness or breakdown of social norms, which can lead to increased crime.

What does Merton's strain theory suggest about crime?

It suggests that societal pressures to achieve culturally approved goals can lead individuals to engage in criminal activities when they lack legitimate means.

What are Cohen's status frustration and Matza's drift theories associated with?

They are associated with understanding how individuals may turn to deviance or crime when they feel marginalized or experience a lack of social status.

What does Becker's labeling theory state about crime?

It suggests that crime is socially constructed and that labels applied to individuals can lead to further deviance.

Outline two criticisms of Left Realist criminology.

1. It is said to focus too narrowly on inner-city crime. 2. Critics argue it overlooks the crimes committed by the powerful.

What is criminogenic capitalism?

A concept in Marxist theory that argues the capitalist system is inherently linked to crime due to its exploitation and inequality.

What are the three forms of public perception criticized in regards to crime statistics?

They may not represent the true patterns of crime due to biases in reporting, the influence of social class, and systemic racism.

What is zero tolerance policing?

A strategy that enforces strict consequences for even minor offenses in an effort to deter crime.

Outline three reasons why females are often considered less likely to commit crimes than males.

1. Societal norms and expectations discourage criminal behavior among women. 2. Women may be subject to different social controls. 3. Gendered differences in opportunities to commit crime.

What role does media play in shaping fear of crime?

Media can distort public perception of crime, often focusing on sensational stories that amplify fear and stereotypes.

Define green crime.

Criminal acts that cause environmental harm, including both traditional crimes against nature and crimes involving legal violations by corporations.

What are two key features of critical victimology?

1. It emphasizes the social and structural factors that contribute to victimization. 2. It looks beyond the individual to understand societal influences.

Explain two types of state crime.

1. State-initiated crime, where states commit acts that are criminalized. 2. State-facilitated crime, where the state fails to prevent criminal acts.

What does the concept of marginalization refer to in crime?

It refers to the process where certain groups in society are pushed to the edges and become more susceptible to criminal behavior.

Outline three ways globalisation has affected crime.

1. Increased opportunities for transnational crime. 2. Greater interconnectedness can facilitate criminal networks. 3. Enhanced methods of committing crime through technology.