animal behavior chap 9

genetic relatedness (r) - probability that two individuals share genes that are __ because of __

identical; descent

genetic relatedness plays into hamilton’s rule - __ < benefit x relatedness

cost

benefit to your kin weighted by closeness if the relationship outweighs the __ to you

cost

kin selection - __ favoring the spread of genes that increase in direct fitness

natural selection

alarm calls - birds/mammals call to warn of predators, costly to self for __ of others

benefit

inclusive fitness - altruistic behavior can be explained by this

direct fitness + indirect fitness

eusociality - most __ form of reproductive altruism

advanced

eusociality - caste of __ lives as helpers in their parents; nest for life

sterile workers

worker policing - worker honeybees use info associated with GR to police hive and destroy eggs that have low GR to them resulting in increasing their __

inclusive fitness

eusociality characterized by: adults live in __, __ care of young, reproductive division of __, overlapping __

groups, cooperative, labor; generations

eusociality recognized in: __, __, __, termites, mole rats, sponge dwelling shrimp

ants, bees, wasps

haplodiploidy - males develop from __ eggs (haploid); brothers 50% related to each other, brothers 25% related to sisters

unfertilized

haplodiploidy - females develop from __ eggs (diploid); sisters __ related; sisters better off raising sisters than brothers (25%) or offspring (50%)

fertilized; 75%

benefit of group cooperation is __ than reproducing

greater

haplodiploidy - __ female:male ratio

high

monandry is ancestral mating system and consistent with inclusive __ theory; high GR leads to __

fitness; eusociality

parent-offspring conflict - parents have to make decisions about how much aid to provide to __

offspring

key in parent-offspring __ is genetic conflict of interests

conflict

offspring should act selfishly bc resemble themselves __

entirely

conflict in parent/offspring is most obvious when __ care is costly

parental

offspring continue to solicit __ even as they grow and become independent

nursing

optimal mother would save __ for other offspring

resources

sibling conflict more intense and sometimes lethal when resources are __

scarce

kin recognition - complex __ allow for kin recognition via vocal signatures emitted by young

vocal cues