Geo MYE 2025

How many people died in the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami

225,000

How many of the deaths were in Indonesia

200,000

What was the population of Aceh, Indonesia at the time

4.2 milly

How many people died in Aceh

161,000

What was the earthquake's magnitude

9.3 on the Richter scale

How long did the seismic activity last

8 minutes

How deep was the earthquake

30 km

What speed did the tsunami travel at

900 km/h

How high was the tsunami wave in deep water

30 cm

How high did the tsunami grow near the shore

20 meters

How high did water rise above the Burma plate

5 meters

How much did water drop above the Indo-Australian plate

1 meter

How much was the seabed displaced

10 meters

What is the motion of water particles in a tsunami

Elliptical orbit

What happens when tsunami waves reach shallow waters

Wave shoaling

What law explains the wave growing taller as it slows

Law of conservation of energy

What tectonic plates were involved

Indo-Australian and Burma plates

What type of boundary caused the tsunami

Convergent (subduction zone)

What causes convection currents

Temperature difference in the mantle

What is subduction

Denser plate goes beneath a less dense one

How many km² of land in India was salinized

193 km²

How many km² of land in Sri Lanka was salinized

259 km²

What was the normal PPM of salt in lagoons

1,000 PPM

What did salt PPM rise to in Indonesian lagoons

30,000 PPM

What was the normal pH of lagoon water

7

What did pH drop or rise to

As low as 6 or as high as 9

How much of Indonesia’s coastal wetlands were impacted

25%-35%

How thick was sediment scattered inland

Up to 80 cm

How many km² of coral reefs were destroyed

120 km²

How many km² of coral reefs were destroyed in Indonesia

100 km²

What is a major role of coral reefs

Protecting coastlines from erosion

Name a fish species impacted by reef loss

Parrotfish

Name another fish species impacted by reef loss

Butterflyfish

What causes salinization

Salt water entering soil through osmosis

What does salinization reduce

Soil fertility

What are three long-term effects on biodiversity

Adaptation, migration, or decline

How many children were orphaned in Indonesia

2,100

How many houses were damaged or destroyed

1.7 million

How many schools were destroyed in Sri Lanka

1,000

How many hospitals were damaged in Indonesia

More than 500

What was the cost to rebuild Banda Aceh’s hospital

$25-50 mil

How many people lost their jobs

500,000

What was Indonesia’s foreign debt after the tsunami

$2.7 billion (from France)

What was the Free Aceh Movement seeking

Independence from Indonesia

What was the result of the Aceh peace treaty

Special autonomy for Aceh

When was the Aceh peace agreement signed

August 15, 2005

What organization sent 50 relief flights

World Vision

How many shelters did World Vision build

303

In how many countries did World Vision mainly operate

5 (Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Myanmar)

How many mangroves did World Vision plant in Thailand Ban Tha Din Daeng,

56,000

Where were the mangroves planted

Ban Tha Din Daeng, Thailand

How many homes did World Vision help rebuild

12,000

How many children got educational support

127,000

How many schools did World Vision help rebuild

Over 100

How many teachers received support

2,000

How many military personnel helped with rescue

30,000

How many countries provided military personnel

35

How many lives were estimated saved by emergency services

Tens of thousands

What was missing in Sri Lanka pre-tsunami

Warning system

How many people died in Sri Lanka

35,000

What organization raised over $14 billion

The United Nations

What percentage of UN funds went to emergency relief

~25%

What percentage of UN funds went to housing/infrastructure

~35%

How much did Germany donate

$600 million

How much did USA donate

$350 million

How much did Japan donate

$500 million

What early warning system was built post-tsunami

Indian Ocean Early Warning System

What technology detects tsunamis in the ocean

DART buoys

What do DART buoys measure

Deep-sea seismic activity

How many countries use the warning system

28

What natural defense helps reduce tsunami energy

Mangroves

What slowed the tsunami in wave shoaling

Friction with seabed

What happened before the wave crest hit land

Sea pulled back (recession)

What did the Indonesian government establish for recovery

BRR (Agency for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction)

What was a key reason the tsunami was so deadly

Lack of preparedness

What is a major goal of disaster mitigation

Reduce future death and damage

What long-term economic impact did the tsunami cause

Job losses and infrastructure loss

What led to fish egg destruction

Sedimentation and oxygen depletion

What animals lost habitat due to coral reef loss

Turtles

What kind of marine runoff was left behind

Sediment and mud

How did sediment affect marine life

Clogged lungs, altered pH and oxygen

What part of society broke down temporarily

Jobs, housing, religious leadership

What psychological effect did the tsunami have

Social disconnection and trauma

What was the key impact of the religious loss

Halted community practices

What was the impact on the food web

Species interaction disruption

What was the result of children being orphaned

Greater aid dependence

Why was the economy slow to recover

Infrastructure and job loss

What did education support allow families to do

Return to employment

What role did MEDCs play in recovery

Donated billions in aid

What was the Red Cross’ role

Contributed to UN’s $14B fund

Why was Thailand less impacted than Indonesia

Farther from epicentre

What feature of LEDCs worsened tsunami impact

Lack of infrastructure and resources

What happened to dogs, goats, cattle

Many died in initial impact and aftermath

Why were tsunami warnings ineffective pre-2004

No seismic sensors or alert systems

What helped coral reefs worsen tsunami damage

Their destruction reduced coastal protection

How did global collaboration change post-tsunami

Created shared disaster alert systems