apush ch 12

John Quincy Adams & Nationalism

sixth President of the United States, serving from 1825 to 1829, and is known for his role in promoting national modernization and economic development. His presidency is marked by a commitment to expanding democracy through his support for educational initiatives, infrastructure projects, and scientific advancement. Despite his efforts, he faced significant opposition from political rivals, particularly from the supporters of Andrew Jackson, who challenged his policies and presidency.

The Corrupt Bargain

adams had bribed clay with the position, making himself, the people’s second choice, the victor other jackson, the people’s first choice.

The Spoils System

rewarding political supporters with public office

Denmark Vesey 1822

was a formerly enslaved African American who is best known for his role in planning a large-scale slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1822. His actions and subsequent execution highlighted the growing tensions surrounding slavery in the early 19th century and the desperate quest for freedom among enslaved people and free blacks during this period.

John C. Calhoun

prominent American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, known for his strong advocacy of states' rights and his role in the development of sectionalism in the United States. He served as Vice President, Secretary of State, and a Senator, influencing the political landscape of his time through his defense of slavery and promotion of Southern interests.

Tariff of Abominations

promoted by jacksonites, to help the farmers of new england; however the southern consumers were very angry

South Carolina Exposition and Protest 1828

, written by John C. Calhoun in December 1828, was a significant document in the context of the American Civil War. It protested against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, which was seen as unconstitutional by the South. Calhoun's Doctrine of nullification, which advocates for the states' right to reject federal laws they deem unconstitutional, was also introduced in this document.

Nullification Crisis

south carolinans(called the nullies) tried strenously to muster the necessary two thirds vote for the nullification of the SC legislature. did not like tariffs of 1828 and 1832

Henry Clay’s Compromise, Tariff of 1833

gradually reduce the tariff of 1832 by 10 percent over a periof of 8 years.

The Force Bill 1833

“bloody bill” authorized the president to use army and navy if necessary to collect federal tariff duties.

Alexis de Tocqueville

French political thinker and historian best known for his work 'Democracy in America,' where he analyzed the effects of democracy on American society and its political institutions. His insights into social and political behavior have significantly influenced the field of comparative politics, particularly in understanding the relationship between constitutional design and democratic governance.

The 5 Civilized Tribes

cherokee, creek, choctaw, chickasaw and seminole

The Indian Removal Act

forced uprootinf of more than 100000 indigenous people. passedby congress in 1830, transplating all of native american tribes then resident east of the mississppi.

The Supreme Court and Indian Rights

john marshall ruled that the cherokee had a right to stay on their land, but jackson said nope they are going

Black Hawk War 1832

sauk and fox braves from illinois and wisconsin, ably led by black hawk, resisted evictio. bloodily crushed in the _____ by regulars

Trail of Tears

countless men, women, and children died on the forced marches (mostly the cherokee) 

Anti-Masonic Party

opposed the influence and fearsome secrecy of the masonic order. potent political force in new york and spread its influence through the middle atlantic and new england states.

Jackson’s War on the Bank of the U.S.

daniel webster and hentry clay resented congress with a bill to renew the bank of the united states charter.The Bank War refers to the political struggle between President Andrew Jackson and his opponents over the future of the Second Bank of the United States during the 1830s. This conflict highlighted broader themes of democracy and populism, as Jackson sought to dismantle what he viewed as a corrupt institution that favored the wealthy elite at the expense of ordinary citizens. The Bank War played a crucial role in shaping American political discourse and established a precedent for future battles over the role of banks in the economy.

Pet Banks

death of the bank of the united states left a financial vacuum in the american economy and kicked off a lurching cycle of booms and busts. surplus federal funds were placed in several dozen state institutions

The Biddle Panic

refers to the financial disruption in 1833–1834 caused by Nicholas Biddle, president of the Second Bank of the United States, who tightened credit in response to President Andrew Jackson’s removal of federal deposits. Biddle’s goal was to pressure Congress to recharter the bank, but the move led to a brief recession and public backlash. It’s a key moment in the Bank War and helped set the stage for the Panic of 1837.

The Specie Circular 1836

a decree that required all public land to be purchased by “hard: or metallic money. this drastic step slammed the brakes on the speculative boom, a neck snapping change of direction that precipitated a financial panic and crash in 1837

Panic of 1837

rapid but irregular growth. fluctuating currencies, rampant speculations and the hazards of enterprise over long distances.

was a major financial crisis in the United States that led to a severe economic depression lasting until the mid-1840s. Triggered by a combination of speculative lending practices, falling cotton prices, and a banking crisis, it resulted in widespread bank failures, unemployment, and a significant decline in real estate values, impacting both the economy and political landscape of the nation.

The Divorce Bill

passed by martin van buren which placed the federal surplus in vaults located in large cities and denied the backing system.

Texas War of Independence

rebellion by Texian settlers against Mexican rule from October 1835 to April 1836, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Texas. This conflict was fueled by growing tensions over issues such as immigration, slavery, and governance, and ultimately culminated in the decisive Battle of San Jacinto, where Texian forces secured their independence.

Alamo

historic site located in San Antonio, Texas, known for the pivotal battle that took place there in 1836 during the Texas Revolution. It became a symbol of resistance and sacrifice when a small group of Texan defenders, including notable figures like James Bowie and Davy Crockett, fought against a much larger Mexican army led by General Santa Anna. The fall of the Alamo galvanized Texan forces and fueled the fight for independence from Mexico, playing a significant role in the events leading up to the Mexican-American War.

Battle of San Jacinto

decisive military engagement fought on April 21, 1836, during the Texas Revolution, where Texian forces led by Sam Houston achieved a stunning victory against the Mexican army commanded by General Santa Anna. This battle marked a turning point in the struggle for Texas independence and ultimately led to the establishment of the Republic of Texas. The battle showcased the strategic importance of swift and surprise attacks, which would later influence military tactics in the context of conflicts such as the Mexican-American War.

Stephen Austin

Original settler of Texas, granted land from Mexico on condition of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish, Original settler of Texas, granted land from Mexico on condition of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish, Austin, Texas was named after him; he was the man the brought the first Americans into Texas because he was granted permission by the Mexicans. Leader of Texas settlers in 1820.

“Tippecanoe and Tyler, too”

was the campaign slogan of the Whigs in 1840, when William Henry Harrison, the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe, and John Tyler were their candidates for the presidency and vice-presidency, respectively. The party cry typified the emotional appeal of the Whig canvass. Deliberately avoiding issues, its supporters wore coonskin caps, built campaign log cabins in almost every town of consequence, and freely dispensed hard cider to the voters, who were persuaded that Harrison had saved the country from untold Indian atrocities. Few American political slogans have been such unadulterated demagoguery.

Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign

A strategy used by the Whig party in election of 1840 to make Harrison look like the common man who drinks cider and lives in a log cabin even though it was a false image.
- The Whigs had no platform (so there was no possibility of a divided party), so the log cabin and hard cider technique was used to gain support for Harrison.
- "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" campaign slogan.
- Portable log cabins rolled through the streets with barrels of cider

sam houston

United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863), First president of the republic of texas.