Chapter 1

Laredo

A city in Texas known for being under seven different flags throughout its history.

Santa Anna

A Mexican general whose ambitious plans impacted Texas during its early history.

Immigration in Texas

A contentious issue that has shaped the state's identity and culture.

Texas Geography

The second largest state in the U.S. with a variety of climates and limited interactions due to its size.

Native peoples of Texas

The original inhabitants of Texas, present for over 12,000 years.

Spanish legacy

The influence of Spanish architecture and culture in Texas due to early colonization efforts.

Empresario

A land agent in Texas who facilitated the settlement of Anglo settlers.

Mexican Independence

A movement that led to Mexico's separation from Spain and influenced Texas's demographics.

Texas Revolution

A conflict that led to Texas's independence from Mexico and the establishment of the Republic of Texas.

Sam Houston

A key figure in the Texas Revolution and the first president of the Republic of Texas.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The agreement that ended the Mexican-American War and led to Texas's annexation.

Juneteenth

A significant date marking the emancipation of enslaved people in Texas.

Reconstruction

The period following the Civil War when Texas underwent significant social and political changes.

Patrons of Husbandry

An organization that promoted agricultural interests and supported the settlement of the West.

The Great Depression

An economic crisis that affected Texas and led to significant changes in its political landscape.

Desegregation

The process of ending racial segregation, which impacted Texas in the mid-20th century.

Political culture

The diverse political landscape of Texas shaped by immigration patterns and historical influences.

Eleven “nations”

A concept describing the diverse cultural and regional identities within Texas.

Tradition of Change

The idea that Texas has continuously evolved, reflecting its diverse population and economic shifts.

Immigration defines Texas

The ongoing influence of both Tejanos and Anglos in shaping Texas's identity and culture.