Unit 1 AP World History SPICE-T | Quizlet

Middle East Social

commoners are attracted to Sufism because of its strong emotional and social bonds

Middle East Politcal

dhimma system: allowed followers of other religions other than Islam to choose their own leaders and settle their own disputes as long as they accepted Islam's political dominion

Middle East Interactions with the Environment

missionaries carried faith (Sufism) to India

Middle East Culture

Sufism: highly mystical and communal form of Islam

Middle East Culture

Persian is the language of Muslim philosophy and art; Turkish is the language of law and administration

Middle East Culture

Ibn Rushd- Islam's advocate for use of reason. Believed faith and reason were compatable

Middle East Economy

Non-Muslims had to pay tax for being a non-Muslim, called "jizya"

Middle East Economy

4 things majorly contribute to trade: 1) universal religion (Islam), (2) political unity, (3) spread of Arabic language, (4) Islamic law

South Asia Social

Turks accepted caste system

South Asia Political

rajas are rival chiefs

South Asia Political

Brahmans are high in the caste system; they (1) built temples, (2) converted indigenous hunter-gatherer peoples to the Hindu faith, and (3) taught the converts how to cultivate the land

South Asia Political

Delhi Sultanate was a Turkish Muslim who brought political integration and strengthened cultural diversity

South Asia Interactions with the Environment

the Turks migrated to India

South Asia Culture

Hinduism is prominent, however Turks brought Islamic beliefs

South Asia Culture

Vedic Buddhism evolved into Hinduism

South Asia Culture

Brahmans spread Hinduism

South Asia Economy

Foreign artisans brought silk textiles, rugs, and appliances to irrigate gardens

South Asia Economy

Collected the jizya tax

South Asia Technology

foreign artisans brought appliances to irrigate gardens

Americas Social

(Mayans) elaborate class structure

Americas Social

(Mayans) pillars of societies: scribes, legal experts, military advisers, and skilled artisans

Americas Social

(Andean region) outside of the center of the city where they kept their luxury goods, there were neighborhoods for nobles and servants; outside of that was the houses for commoners

Americas Politcal

(Teotihuacan) impressive military, controlled entire Valley of Mexico

Americas Political

(Teotihuacan) demanded gifts, tributes, and humans for sacrifice

Americas Political

(Teotihuacan) art depicts battles, defeated neighbors, and captured fighters

Americas Political

(Mayans) a dozen kingdoms within, each is politically independent but connected in culture and economics

Americas Political

(Mayans) there is a kind for each kingdom and legitimatizes their rule by tracing it to the gods

Americas Political

(Andean region) South America's first empire: the Chimú Empire

Americas Interactions with the Environment

(Toltecs) inhabited by a migrant group consisting of farmers from the north and refugees from the south

Americas Culture

(Teotihuacan) focus of their spiritual life: pyramids of the sun and moon

Americas Culture

(Teotihuacan) Temple of the Feathered Serpent: symbolizes fertility/reproduction of life

Americas Culture

(Teotihuacan) they had many sacrifices to bless the holy structures

Americas Culture

(Mayans) believed their shamanistic king was descended from the gods

Americas Culture

(Mayans) believed in god of creation and other gods for rain, maize, war, the sun, etc.

Americas Culture

(Mayans) gods aren't cruel, just busy and need to be honored

Americas Culture

(Mayans) kings and their wives paid homage to gods through blood sacrifices to reinforce their rule)

Americas Culture

(Mayans) they built big plazas, ball courts, terraces, places, and skyscrapers

Americas Culture

(Toltecs) built temples (giant pyramids) and balls courts (where they "played conqueror")

Americas Culture

(Cahokia) people paid homage to spiritual forces through enormous mounds of dirt

Americas Economy

(Teotihuacan) high agricultural productivity (traded ceramics, ornaments of shells, and other valued objects; exported pottery, feathers, etc.)

Americas Economy

(Mayans) subsistence economy of diversified agrarian production (maize, beans, squash, sweet potatoes, and cassava; cotton used for robes, dresses, and blouses)

Americas Economy

(Andean region) highly commercialized with agriculture as its base (cotton is traded by llamas); long distance trade (imported dried fish, cotton, fruits, and veggies)

Americas Economy

(Andean region) biggest city: Chan Chan, it had 10 palaces and it had places to store their luxury goods (gold, silver, and fine cloths)

Americas Economy

(Toltecs) relied mainly on maize with beans squash and dog, deer, and rabbit meat; rulers made sure merchants provided pottery, rare shells and stones, and precious skins and feathers

Americas Economy

(Cahokia) huge on trade, it became a commercial center (more than imports and exports, it was an exchange hub for an entire regional network trading in salts, tools, pottery, woven stuffs, jewelry, and ceremonial goods)

Americas Technology

(Mayans) Mayan script, calendar, and studied astronomy

Americas Technology

(Andean region) advanced engineering system conveyed water to mountain summits

China Political

Tang Dynasty split up into regional kingdoms led by military generals

China Political

one general, Zhao Kuangyin, reunited China and began the Song Dynasty

China Political

There was a meritocracy, where people of talent ruled

China Political

bribed neighbors for peace because of poor military

China Political

Had civil service exams, which test literacy and classics, that decided who could be in government

China Culture

incredibly diverse religions, was home to Christians, Zoroastrians, Buddhists, and Daoists

China Culture

Near the end of the Tang dynasty, the Buddhists became suppressed and monks were forced to return to secular life

China Culture

Tang era defeats universalizing religion

China Economy

made paper currency

China Economy

government issued notes to pay bills which caused runaway inflation

China Economy

great increase in wheat, millet, and rice

China Technology

Song China created printed money and gunpowder and created stronger iron plows

Surrounding States Social

(Korea) believed rulers should be chosen based relatives rather than skill

Surrounding States Political

(Korea) established autonomous government modeled after Tang

Surrounding States Political

(Korea) believed rulers should be chosen based on relatives rather than skill

Surrounding States Political

Wang Kon adopts China's civil service examinations for the Koryo Dynasty

Surrounding States Interactions with the Environment

"Tomb Culture" from Korea unifies Japan

Surrounding States Culture

Shamans: Korean holy men and women

Surrounding States Culture

Koreans believed that birth should be the source of influence in religious and political life

Surrounding States Culture

(Japan) Prince Shotoku introduced Buddhism to Japan

Surrounding States Culture

(Japan) believed emperor should be worshiped

Surrounding States Economics

(Japan) maintained rice and fishing activity

Surrounding States Technology

(Korea) developed own written language

Sub-Saharan Africa Social

males are seen as the head of everything (even of villages); slavery also began here

Sub-Saharan Africa Political

they formed kin-based networks: men were the heads of the network ("chiefs") and mediated conflict and dealt with neighboring groups

Sub-Saharan Africa Interactions with the Environment

Bantu-speakers migrated in small groups of people and moved from one point to another, eventually covering 1/3 of Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa Culture

(Mali) Mansa Musa encouraged those wanting to continue their religious beliefs elsewhere; efforts to strengthen Islam in West Africa succeeded

Sub-Saharan Africa Economics

Bantu migrate and bring agricultural economy with them

Sub-Saharan Africa Technology

Bantu built canoes and iron-making technology that made efficient tools for clearing land and weapons for warfare

Europe Social

kings, powerful lords, lesser lords, knights, & serfs (aka peasants)

Europe Political

feudalism was present (no big central govt., mainly local)

Europe Interactions with the Environment

the vikings migrated from Scandinavia and took over Western Europe

Europe Culture

Christianity was the main religion of Europe. In Western Europe, they all followed Catholicism, while in eastern it was orthodox.

Europe Economics

Western Europe traded war criminals

Europe Technology

vikings had technologically advanced ships which allowed them to get around