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What was the Texas Revolution?
A rebellion by American settlers in Texas against Mexican rule, leading to Texas declaring independence.
Who were required to receive land grants in Texas?
American settlers had to be Catholics and Mexican citizens.
What did the Mexican government announce in response to the surge of American settlers in Texas?
They announced that slaves and Americans were not allowed in Texas.
What sparked Texas's declaration of independence?
The abolition of slavery and the anger of Texans against Mexican laws.
What were the main issues surrounding Texas annexation?
The opposition by Whigs to add another slave state and fears of provoking a war with Mexico.
What doctrine justified American westward expansion?
Manifest Destiny, which was described as America’s right to expand and fill the continent.
Who was the president during the annexation of Texas?
President John Tyler signed the resolution for Texas's annexation.
What was the slogan used to promote the acquisition of Oregon Territory?
‘Fifty-four forty or fight!’
How did President Polk avoid conflict with Britain over the Oregon Territory?
He accepted a proposal to divide Oregon along the 49th parallel.
What event led to the outbreak of the Mexican War?
The ambush of a US unit by Mexican troops in the disputed territory between the Rio Grande and Nueces River.
Who denounced the Mexican War as a means to obtain more slave territory?
Critics like John Quincy Adams and William Lloyd Garrison.
What was Henry David Thoreau's form of protest against the Mexican War?
He refused to pay a state poll tax and was jailed, leading him to write 'Civil Disobedience'.
Which generals played significant roles in the conquest of Mexico?
General Zach Taylor and General Winfield Scott.
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Mexico ceded New Mexico and California to the US and accepted the Rio Grande as the border.
What purchase was not part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
The Gadsden Purchase, which was land purchased for a railroad in southern New Mexico.
What event marked the end of the Era of Good Feelings?
The Panic of 1819 and the Missouri Compromise leading to sectionalism.
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
An amendment aiming to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico.
Who supported the provisions of the Wilmot Proviso?
David Wilmot defended the proviso in favor of white freemen farmers.
What was the reaction in the South to the Wilmot Proviso?
The South felt defensive and viewed it as an attack on slavery.
What led to the Compromise of 1850?
The admission of California as a free state and the balance of power over slave states.
What key proposals were included in the Compromise of 1850?
California as a free state, a new Fugitive Slave Law, and resolving the Texas-New Mexico border dispute.
What role did the Fugitive Slave Act play following the Compromise of 1850?
It demanded Northerners return escaped slaves, causing increased antislavery sentiment.
How did 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' impact public opinion?
It intensified antislavery sentiment in the North and increased resentment in the South.
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act introduce?
The idea of popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in new territories.
What was the significant conflict resulting from the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
'Bleeding Kansas,' a violent struggle between pro- and anti-slavery settlers.
What was the Dred Scott case about?
A slave, Dred Scott, sued for his freedom based on his time spent in a free territory.
What was the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case?
Slaves were considered property and not citizens, making the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
How did the Dred Scott decision affect sectional tensions?
It intensified sectional divisions by reinforcing the Southern view on slavery.
What was significant about John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?
It heightened Southern fears of slave insurrection and made Brown a martyr in the North.
What was the outcome of the Election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln won without any Southern electoral votes, leading to Southern secession.
What was the Crittenden Compromise?
A proposal to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean, which Lincoln rejected.
What does 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?
The belief that it was America's divine right to expand westward across the continent.
What is the significance of the term 'Bleeding Kansas'?
It refers to the violent conflicts resulting from the Kansas-Nebraska Act and battles over slavery.
Who was responsible for proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Senator Stephen A. Douglas.
What is the impact of the Missouri Compromise on American politics?
It established a line determining where slavery was allowed, but led to increased sectionalism.
What did the California Gold Rush trigger?
A rapid influx of settlers to California and desires for it to be entered as a free state.
What was the primary goal of the Fugitive Slave Act?
To ensure the return of escaped slaves to their Southern owners.
Who was Harriet Tubman?
An abolitionist who led many escaped slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad.
What did Harriet Beecher Stowe aim to portray in 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'?
The moral impacts of slavery on family life.
What did the election of Lincoln indicate about the state of the Union?
It revealed deep divisions between Northern and Southern states over slavery.
What was the impact of the Compromise of 1850?
It temporarily eased tensions but ultimately could not resolve the issue of slavery.
What did Stephen A. Douglas promote in his bid for the presidency?
Popular sovereignty to decide on slavery in the new territories.
What event followed the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
The rise of violent conflicts in Kansas and the weakening of the Whig Party.
What role did the Republican Party play in the 1850s?
It emerged as a political force opposing the expansion of slavery.
How did the Dred Scott decision affect the Republican Party?
It invalidated their stance against the spread of slavery into the territories.
What was Abraham Lincoln's stance on slavery during the election of 1860?
He opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories while supporting existing slave states.
What was the significance of the Crittenden Compromise being rejected?
It demonstrated the unwillingness of Republicans to compromise on the issue of slavery.
What was the first state to secede after Lincoln's election?
South Carolina.
How did the Wilmot Proviso influence party politics?
It deepened the divide within Whig and Democratic parties over the issue of slavery.
What was a direct consequence of the Dred Scott decision?
It further entrenched the belief among the South that the Constitution protected slavery.
What did the term 'Slave Power' refer to?
The perceived political power held by slave owners in the federal government.
What role did the Underground Railroad play in the 1850s?
It helped many enslaved individuals escape to freedom.
What was one of the conditions imposed on territories under the Compromise of 1850?
Territories of Utah and New Mexico were allowed to decide on the legality of slavery.
What was a common Northern response to the Fugitive Slave Act?
Increased resistance to the enforcement of the law and support for abolitionist efforts.
What sparked the violent events known as 'Bleeding Kansas'?
The clashing of pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in the newly organized territories.
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act directly repeal?
The Missouri Compromise's prohibition of slavery north of the 36°30' line.
Who became a national figure as a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
Abraham Lincoln.
What impact did John Brown’s raid have on Southern perceptions of Republicans?
It fueled fears of Republican-led slave insurrections.
During the election of 1860, what was one factor that helped Lincoln win?
The split in the Democratic Party between Northern and Southern factions.
How did the national political landscape change due to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
It led to the formation of the Republican Party, replacing the Whig Party.
What did Lincoln argue about slavery in his speeches leading up to the 1860 election?
He argued it should be preserved where it exists but should not expand into new territories.
Why was Harriet Tubman known as 'the Moses of Her People'?
For her role in leading countless slaves to freedom via the Underground Railroad.
What was the result of the Dred Scott ruling for African American citizenship?
It ruled that African Americans could not be U.S. citizens.
Why did sectionalism rise after the Mexican War?
Disputes over the extension of slavery into new territories heightened tensions between North and South.
What was the outcome of President Polk’s decisions regarding Oregon?
He avoided war with Britain by accepting the 49th parallel as the boundary.
What did the Compromise of 1850 ultimately fail to do?
It did not resolve the fundamental disagreements over slavery.
How did the Dred Scott decision affect the future of the Missouri Compromise?
It effectively nullified the Missouri Compromise.
What did the term 'free soil' refer to in the context of the Wilmot Proviso?
The idea of land in newly acquired territories being free from slavery.
What significant event occurred in California in 1848?
The discovery of gold, prompting a massive influx of settlers.
What did the South anticipate from the Fugitive Slave Act?
They expected it to be enforced by the North to uphold their end of the Compromise.
Who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act for violating the Missouri Compromise?
Many Northern Democrats and Whigs who supported the established boundaries against slavery.
What was the main reason Lincoln rejected the Crittenden Compromise?
It would have allowed for the expansion of slavery into the territories.
What did the election of Abraham Lincoln symbolize for Southern states?
A threat to the institution of slavery.
What legislative act of 1854 marked a significant point in the sectional conflict?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Why did the Wilmot Proviso gain traction in the North?
It resonated with anti-slavery sentiment and fears of competition from slave labor.
What was one primary objective of the Underground Railroad?
To facilitate escapes for enslaved individuals to freedom.
How did the Compromise of 1850 respond to the increasing conflict over slavery?
By attempting to appease both sides with a series of legislative measures.
What did the Democratic Party split reveal about American politics in 1860?
Deep divisions over slavery that complicated national unity.
What was the significance of the Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican War?
General Zach Taylor's victory made him a national hero.
Why was the Gadsden Purchase significant?
It allowed for construction of a southern transcontinental railroad.
What was the ultimate fate of the Wilmot Proviso in Congress?
It was passed by the House but failed in the Senate.
What was the primary fear associated with the prospect of new territories gained from Mexico?
The potential expansion of slavery into those territories.
What goal did the Republican Party primarily advocate during its inception?
To halt the expansion of slavery into the new territories.
What was one consequence of John Brown's actions for the North?
He became a martyr for the abolitionist cause.
