Studied by 5 peopleAlkanes to halogenoalkanes
Reagent - halogen
Conditions- UV light
Mechanism - free radical substitution
Halogenoalkanes to primary amines
Reagent - NH3 in ethanol
Conditions- heat, under pressure
Mechanism - nucleophilic substitution
Primary amines to alkyl ammonia salts
Reagent - dilute HCl
Conditions- room temp
Reaction- acid-base
Tertiary amines to quaternary ammonium salts
Reagent - halogenoalkane
Conditions-heat
Mechanism - nucleophilic
Type - substitution
Secondary amines to tertiary amines
Reagent - halogenoalkane
Conditions-heat
Mechanism - nucleophilic
Type - substitution
Primary amines to secondary amines
Reagent - halogenoalkane
Conditions-heat
Mechanism - nucleophilic
Type - substitution
Halogenoalkanes to alkenes
Reagent - NaOH in ethanol
Conditions- heat
Mechanism - elimination
Alkenes to haloalkanes
Reagent - hydrogen halide, HX
Conditions- room temp
Mechanism - electrophilic addition
Halogenoalkanes to alcohols
Reagent - NaOH (aq)
Conditions- heat
Mechanism - nucleophilic substitution
Halogenoalkanes to nitriles
Reagent - KCN in ethanol
Conditions- heat under reflux
Mechanism - nucleophilic substitution
Nitriles to primary amines
Reagent - H2 and nickel catalyst
Conditions - heat
Reaction - reduction
Alkenes to dihaloalkanes
Reagent - halogen X2
Conditions- room temp
Mechanism - Electrophilic addition
Alkenes to alcohols
Reagent - steam and H3PO4 (acid catalyst)
Conditions- heat
Mechanism - hydration (electrophilic addition)
Alcohol to alkenes
Reagent - Al2O3
Conditions- heat
Mechanism - Elimination (Dehydration)
Dihaloalkanes to diols
Reagent - NaOH (aq)
Conditions- heat under reflux
Mechanism - Nucleophilic substitution
secondary alcohols to ketones
Reagent - K2Cr2O7 (acidified)
Conditions- heat
Reaction - oxidation
Ketones to alcohols
Reagent - NaBH4 (aq)
Conditions- heat
Reaction - reduction
Alcohols to aldehydes
Reagent - K2Cr2O7 (acidified)
Conditions- heat
Reaction - oxidation
Aldehydes to alcohols
Reagent - NaBH4 (aq)
Conditions- heat
Reaction - reduction
Aldehydes to carboxylic acids
Reagent - K2Cr2O7 (acidified)
Conditions- heat under reflux
Reaction - oxidation
Carboxylic acids to aldehydes
Reagent - LiAlH4 in dry ether
Conditions- heat
Reaction - reduction
Carboxylic acids to esters
Reagent - alcohol, H2SO4
Conditions- heat
Reaction - esterification/ condensation
Acyl chlorides to esters
Reagent - alcohol
Conditions- room temp
Mechanism - nucleophilic addition- elimination
Carboxylic acids to carboxylate salts
Reagent - NaOH (aq)
Conditions- room temp
Reaction - acid- base
Acyl chloride to carboxylic acids
Reagent - H2O
Conditions- room temp
Mechanism - nucleophilic addition- elimination
Acyl chlorides to amides
Reagent - amines
Conditions- room temp
Mechanism - nucleophilic addition -elimination
Alkenes to alkyl hydrogensulfates
Reagent - sulphuric acid
Conditions - heat
Mechanism - electrophilic addition
Carbonyls to hydroxynitriles
Reagents - KCN and dilute HCl
Conditions - room temperature
Mechanism - nucleophilic addition
Benzene to nitrobenzene
Reagent - nitric and sulfuric acid
Conditions - 25 to 60°C
Mechanism - electrophilic substitution
Benzene to phenyl ketone
Reagents - acyl chlorine
Conditions - AlCl3 catalyst and heat
Mechanism - electrophilic substitution
Nitrobenzene into phenylamine
Reagents - Sn/ concentrated HCl
Conditions- heat
Reaction - reduction
(Then add NaOH to convert soluble ionic salt produced into insoluble phenylamine)
Note
Flashcard