A&P Test #1

Indicate source: FSH

Indicate source: FSH

anterior pituitary

Indicate source: GnRH

hypothalamus

Indicate source: Prolactin

anterior pituitary

Indicate source: Aldosterone

adrenal cortex

Indicate source: LH

anterior pituitary

Indicate source: PTH

parathyroid gland

Indicate source: Calcitonin

thyroid gland

Indicate source: ADH

posterior pituitary

Indicate source: Oxytocin

posterior pituitary

Indicate source: T3 and T4

thyroid gland

Indicate source: Cortisol

adrenal cortex

Indicate source: Nor-epinephrine

adrenal medulla

Indicate source: Epinephrine

adrenal medulla

Indicate source: ACTH

anterior pituitary

Indicate source: TSH

anterior pituitary

Indicate hormone class: Testosterone

steroid

Indicate hormone class: FSH

peptide

Indicate hormone class: T3 and T4

lipid soluble amine

Indicate hormone class: Estradiol

steroid

Indicate hormone class: PTH

peptide

Indicate hormone class: Aldosterone

steroid

Indicate hormone class: Insulin

peptide

Indicate hormone class: Epinephrine

catecholamine

Indicate hormone class: Cortisol

steroid

Indicate hormone class: LH

peptide

Stimulates spermatogenesis

FSH

Stimulates follicular development and maturation

FSH

Stimulates ovulation and formation of luteal cells

LH

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

LH

Stimulates release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary

GnRH

Peaks in post ovulation phase

progesterone

Highest in pre-ovulation phase

estradiol

Responsible for the proliferative phase of uterus

progesterone

Responsible for the secretory phase of uterus

progesterone

The most pro-endometrial hormone

progesterone

Occurs days 1-5 in endometrium

menstrual phase

Occurs days 1-13 in ovary

follicular phase

Occurs days 15-28 in endometrium

secretory phase

Occurs day 14 in ovary

ovulation

Occurs days 6-14 in endometrium

proliferative phase

Occurs days 15-28 in ovary

luteal phase

Number of follicles at birth

2 million primordial follicles

Stem cell that produces oocytes

oogonia

Stem cell that produces spermatozoa

spermatogonia

Part of sperm needed for fertilization

acrosome

Glycoprotein layer that surrounds ova

zona pellucida

Released by embryo to protect the corps lutea

hCG

Fertilized oocyte

zygote

Number of follicles at puberty

250,000 to 500,000

Small cell, can’t be fertilized

polar body

Solid ball cells, enters uterus day 3

morula

Hollow ball cells, implants into uterus

blastocyst

Released at fertilization to “harden” zona

cortical granules

Cell layer responsible for implantation

trophoblast

Fertilization completed

sperm and oocyte pro nuclei combine

Days needed for formation of mature sperm

74-74

Days needed for development Graafian follicle

85-100

Maternal part of placenta

decidua basalis

Produces blood cells, precursor sex cells

yolk sac

Produces umbilical vessles

allantois

Smooth, outer layer of decidua

decidua capsularis

Smooth part of chorion

chorionic laeve

Shunts blood from right atria to left atria

foramen ovale

Shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta

ductus arteriosus

Shunts blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava

ductus venosus

Fetal part of placenta

chorionic frondosum

Connective tissue

mesoderm

Brain/spinal cord

ectoderm

Skeletal muscle

mesoderm

Epidermis of skin

mesoderm

Lining digestive tract, liver, lungs, pancreas

endoderm

Cardiac muscle

mesoderm

Adrenal medulla

ectoderm

Bones

mesoderm

Cartilage

mesoderm

Blood cells

mesoderm

Days 57-266

fetal stage

Days 1-7

pre-embryonic stage

Days 8-56

embryonic stage

266 days from conception

embryonic gestation

280 days after LMP

clinical gestation

Produces umbilical vessels

allantois

Produces precursor sex cells and blood cells

yolk sac

Fetal tissues

chorion

Maternal tissues

decidua

Derived from ectoderm, surrounds fetus

amnion

Cells responsible for milk secretion

alveolar gland cells

Cells that contract and cause milk let down

myoepithelial cells

Stimulates lactogenesis and milk secretion

prolactin

Stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells

oxytocin

Produced in the first few days after birth

colostrum

Contains 2 arteries and 1 vein

umbilical cord

Released enzymes to allow fertilization

acrosome

Polysaccharide layer around oocyte

zona pellucida

Part of fetal tissue that digests the uterine wall

trophoblast

Takes 10 hours, necessary release sperm nuclei

trophoblast