experimental chemistry

1.2 : where should a thermometer be placed for simple/fractional distillation

it should be placed at the mouth of the fractionating collumn

1.2 : whats the purpose boiling chips/stones?

its to ensure smooth boiling

1.2 : state how a water condenser works

cold water enters the condenser from the bottom while water leaves the condenser from the top

1.2 : state the purpose of a condenser

to cool the hot vapour to form a pure liquid

1.2 : in simple distillation, if the distillate is volatile, what must be modified in the setup?

if the distillate is volatile (low bp), place the beaker in a large container containing ice