reactants and products

products of pyruvate processing

NADH, Acetyl CoA, and CO2

products of glycolysis

NADH and ATP

products of citric acid cycle

CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

products of oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and ATP synthase)

ATP and H2O

Primary goal of citric acid cycle

To transfer high-energy electrons to electron carriers.

What is the main purpose of fermentation in anaerobic respiration?

To regenerate NAD+ from NADH

What occurs in a human muscle cell when there is no oxygen and all electron carriers are fully reduced?

Pyruvate is reduced to regenerate NAD+.

Pyruvate processing takes place in...

the mitochondrial matrix.

The citric acid cycle takes place in...

the mitochondrial matrix.

The electron transport chain complexes are located in...

the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which cells…

harness an electrochemical gradient to generate ATP.

The vast majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during which step?

Oxidative phosphorylation

What is the primary role of ATP synthase in chemiosmosis?

To convert potential energy in an electrochemical gradient to potential energy in a chemical bond.

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

Create a proton [H+] gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

What is the original source and final destination of electrons during cellular respiration (starting with glycolysis and ending with oxidative phosphorylation)?

Source is glucose; destination is water.

Which molecule(s) donate(s) electrons to the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

NADH and FADH2

The role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to…

Accept low-energy electrons