Test #2 Review Flashcards

Flashcards for Test #2 Review (Chapters 4, 5, & 6)

What topics are covered in Chapter 4?

Habitats and communities, Microbiomes, Types of symbioses, Taxonomy (gram- vs. gram+ phyla, atypical bacteria)

What are the major groups of Gram (-) proteobacteria?

Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria

Name examples of Gram (-) nonproteobacteria.

Spirochetes, planctomycetes, CFB group

What are the main groups of phototrophic bacteria?

Green vs. purple, sulfur vs. nonsulfur, cyanobacteria

What are the main divisions of Gram (+) bacteria?

High G+C (Actinobacteria), Low G+C (Firmicutes), Tenericutes

What are the two life stages of Protozoa?

Trophozoites and cysts

Name three asexual reproduction methods in Protozoa.

Budding, fission, schizogeny

Name two sexual reproduction methods in Protozoa.

Syngamy, conjugation

Give examples of Protozoal cell structures.

Plasmalemma, pellicle, ectoplasm, endoplasm

Name the Protozoal feeding structures.

Cytostome (holozoic vs. saprozoic), cytoproct

Name the Protozoal locomotion structures.

Flagella, cilia, pseudopodia

Name the unique Protozoal organelles.

Contractile vacuoles, kinetoplast, hydrogenosomes

Name the Protozoa groups covered in chapter 5.

Amoebozoa, Excavata, Chromalveolata

Name the Algae groups covered in chapter 5.

Chromalveolata, Archaeplastida

Name the Helminths groups covered in chapter 5.

Nematoda, platyhelminths (trematodes, cestodes)

Name the Fungi groups covered in chapter 5.

Mold vs. yeast – Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Microsporidia, Zygomycota

Name the components of viruses.

Capsid, genetic material, envelope, spikes

What are the two types of phage life cycles?

Lytic (virulent) and lysogenic (temperate)

Which enzyme is unique to retroviruses?

Reverse transcriptase

Differentiate between latent and chronic infections.

Latent infections have periods of inactivity, while chronic infections are persistent.

Give examples of non-viral infectious agents.

Viroids, virusoids, prions

What are common methods for detecting viruses?

Effects on cells, Hemagglutination assay, Nucleic acid amplification tests, Enzyme immunoassay