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who killed lincoln
John Wilkes Booth
antietam importance
lee wants to:
get marlyand to succed
get supplies
victory in north = england engvolvment
but his plans are revealed on a cigar
union vistory by McCulellen allows Lincoln to issue proclamation
changes focus of war
when was lincoln’s assination
1865
phases of Reconstruction
wartime reconstruction
presidential reconstruction (president Johnson)
radical/congressional reconstruction (republican congress)
sharecropping
systemic labor arrangement in the post-Civil War South where landowners provided land, tools, and supplies to mostly black farmers in exchange for a share of their crops.
Very unfair system, under very unfair terms
total war
destroy everything and take supplies like plantations, factories, cattle, animals, food from citizens but not killing them in order to lower moral of the people
march to the sea
campaign of total war against the South from Atlanta to Savannah led by Sherman
caused Lee’s men to surrender because they were starving and surrounded
what was the reason for 2/3 of casualties of the Civil War
disease
anaconda plan
take control of the Mississippi river. Cut the confederate land in half, limits their ability to move goods and troops
blockade confederate coastline with Union navy. coastline is 3500 miles long. union began with about 40 ships
invade heart of confederacy. takes 2-3 years to potentially win war fast after taking Richmond (confederate capital)
fourteenth amendment
anyone born in the United States is a citizen, ensuring equal rights and privileges for all.
battle at bull run
south wins
stonewall gets his nickname
proves war would be longer and bloodier than expected (not 90 just days)
scalawags
white republicans in the South during reconstruction
ku-klux-klan
terrorist group of ex-confederates that intimidated Blacks from voting
radical republicans
faction of the republican party that wanted to punish the South for the war
compromise of 1877
Hays wins presidential election because of republican deal to remove union troops from South. this deal caused terribly racist and unfair laws to be implemented with the absence of troops.
settled the contested election and ended reconstruction
vagrancy
"no visible means of support" a misdemeanor
panic of 1873
economic crisis in the United States triggered by the collapse of several major banks and the failure of railroad companies. Led to widespread unemployment, labor strikes, and social unrest.
Thaddeus Stevens
leader of the radical republicans
Ulysses S. Grant
became commander of the Union forces but chooses to continue fighting with the soldiers
failed lots of businesses - at one point worked for fathers company with his younger brother as his boss, calm under pressure, expert horseman
unspeakable slaughter and unconditional surrender
what illustrated the desire to keep Blacks as close to slavery as possible?
unfairness of labor contracts
carpet baggers
northerners who went south to run Republican policies
meeting engagement
two armies crossed paths at the town of Gettysburg
fifteenth amendment
gave voting rights to Blacks
William Sherman
Grant’s most trusted general
“uncle billy”
west point (6th) fought in war, played important role in gold rush, charge of KY army, quick to follow and carry out orders
reconstruction
era of political struggle in the reunification of the nation
appomattox
site of Confederate surrender, April 1865
was at some random guy’s house
military reconstruction act of 1867
under this act, the federal government sent the military to occupy the South
south was broken into 5 military districts
souther occupation: union troops were a constant reminders of their loss
southern states had to accept 14th admendment
little round top
hill on the Union flank defended by the 20th Maine
rightwheel forward holds union line
what happened to northern economy
increased by 50%
what happened to southern economy
decreased by 60%
restoration
term used to describe a more lenient approach to unification
emancipation proclamation
justified as a war tactic but changed the moral focus of the war
antienam battle
first confederate invasion of the North resulted in this battle
vicksburg
site of a long siege on the Mississippi, union gains control of Mississippi (more of anaconda plan done!)
last confederate fortification
Grant is made head of union troops
which side lost a greater proportion of its army over the course of the war
south
Thomas J Jackson
became famous after his counterattack at Manassas, nicknamed Stonewall
introduced psychological edge to war (rebel yell, reputation)
which side suffered more total casualties during the war
north
Johnson’s impeachment
was impeached under the tenure of office act, decreased his power and made him a lame duck president
Jefferson Davis
president of the confederacy
contrabands
Contraband refers to items that are illegal to trade, carry, produce, or otherwise have in one's possession
captured slaves were treated as contrabands by the north
which party maintained a majority in Congress during the election of 1862
republican party
black codes
system of subordination for Blacks in post-war era
Hayes
republican president elected in 1876
freedman’s bureau
provided food, clothes, health care, education, and legal services to the poor (especially African Americans)
caused white resentment
“40 acres and a mule”
what was the South’s advantage early on in the war
they were fighting on the defensive
battle of gettysburg
coastliest single battle of the war. the south would never invade again.
Lees strategy was to go into Penslyvania so it would force Grant to retreat into DC, armys bumped into each other, turning point at little round top day 2,
gettysburg address
lincolns gettysburg address boosts will of ppl by talking about honoring the soldiers that died fighting
10% plan
Lincoln would permit states to re-enter based upon this plan.
10% of voting whites (excluded high ranked officials and ppl accused of war time crimes) had to take an oath of allegiance so their state could rejoin union
wild card factor of the war
european involvement. after antietam and emancipation proclamation european involvement would not happen
Robert E Lee
asked to take on Union army, said no to Lincoln bc of loyalty to state.
surrendered to Grant after battle of Gettysburg
early on, what were Black troops mainly used for in the Union army
labor
what did Lincoln call for during reconstruction
“Malice towards none”
which state did most of the fighting take place
virginia
war of attrition
wearing down or weakening of resistance esp. as a result of continuous pressure
thirteenth amendment
outlawed slavery
fort sumter
Anderson vs Burragard
confederate batteries fired on this federal stronghold in Charleston harbor, start of the war
no casualties
union blockade
key compnent of Union stategy to cut off foreign trade
which class was Johnson the hardest on in his reconstruction plans
planter (elite) class
who ran for democratic president in 1864
McClellan ran against Lincoln (his second term)
victory here sealed the election of 1864 for Lincoln
Atlanta
Andrew Johnson
Lincolns vice president on his second term
presidency of U.S Grant
people took advantage of him
Whisky Ring: ppl were stealing alcoholƒvi from the government (gov was making money off of whiskey and tobacco) they got busted and bc they were on Grant’s cabinet he gained a bad reputation
1000-mile front
virginia - texas, 3500 mile coastline
what caused the high casualty rates of the war
technological advancements (manea bullets) + outdated tactics (napolean warfare)
31,000 confederate casulaties
Grant’s terms of surrender
confederate officers keep sidearms and swords
confederate officers and soldiers kept horses and mules (farming)
confederate troops were given 3 days of food