Anatomy of the Eye and Ear

These flashcards cover important anatomical terms and concepts related to the eye and ear as discussed in the lecture.

Fibrous Layer

The outer layer of the eye composed of the sclera and cornea.

Sclera

The tough, white outer layer of the eye.

Cornea

The clear, convex front part of the eye that helps focus light.

Vascular Layer

The middle layer of the eye, includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris.

Choroid

The layer containing blood vessels that supply nourishment to the eye.

Ciliary Muscles

Muscles that hold and adjust the shape of the lens for focusing.

Iris

The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.

Pupil

The hole in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

Neural Layer

The inner layer of the eye, primarily consisting of the retina.

Retina

Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye containing photoreceptors.

Photoreceptors

Cells in the retina that detect light; includes rods (black and white vision) and cones (color vision).

Macula

A specific area in the retina rich in cones for high-acuity vision.

Fovea

The center of the macula, containing only cones, for sharp central vision.

Extrinsic Muscles

Muscles outside of the eye that control eye movement.

Auricle (Pinna)

The external part of the ear that collects sound.

Tympanic Membrane

Also known as the eardrum; separates the external ear from the middle ear.

Malleus

The hammer-shaped bone in the middle ear that is attached to the tympanic membrane.

Incus

The anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear that transfers vibrations from the malleus to the stapes.

Stapes

The stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear that transmits sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Cochlea

The spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for converting sound waves into nerve impulses.

Semicircular Canals

Three fluid-filled structures in the inner ear that are responsible for balance.

Vestibule

The central part of the inner ear that helps with balance.

Organ of Corti

The sensory organ within the cochlea that contains the hair cells for hearing.

Endolymph

Fluid within the cochlear duct that vibrates in response to sound.

Aqueous Humor

The clear fluid in the anterior segment of the eye that nourishes the cornea and lens.

Vitreous Humor

The gel-like substance in the posterior segment of the eye that maintains its shape.

Glaucoma

A condition characterized by increased pressure in the eye due to fluid buildup.