us gov exam 2

political socialization

the induction of individuals into the political culture, learning the underlying beliefs and values on which the political system is based

agenda setting

the medias designation of some issues events or people as important or others not

gender gap

a distinctive pattern of voting behaviors reflecting the differences in women and men

partisanship

a phenomenon in which people form strong opinios against a political party instead of support in one

primary elections

elections held to select a partys candidate for the general election non partisanshipism

midterm elections

congressional elections that do not reside with presedential elections, off year elections

incumbent

candidates running for a re election for the same position that they have

framing

the process of preswnting infornmation from a certain perspectie in order to shape the audiences understanding of the information

mobilization

the process by which large numbers of people are are organzed for a plitical activity

patronage

resources available to higher officials, usually oppertunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, liscences, or special favors to supporters

public opinion

citizens attitude about political issues leaders institutions and events

media monopoly

global corpoorations that control a wide array of media,

suffrage

right to vote, called franchise

pluritary system

only needing the most votes in an election not not the majority

citizen journalism

news reporting and plitical commentary by citizens, advocacy groyps, eyewitnesses ect

mainstream news organizations

organizations that adhere to the principles of journalism that do original balances factual reporting, unpaid crdible sources, avoiding bias

early voting

mail vote before election

party identification

an individual voters psychological ties to one party

selection bias

polling error that arises when the sample is not a representative of the population being studied which creates errors in the overrepresenting some opinions

equal time rule

the requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office with equal oppertunity to get out messages

minor parties

parties that organize to compete against the 2 major american parties

gerrymandering

drawing legislative districts in such way as to give unfair advantage to a party, or racial group

electoral college

presedential electors from each state who meet after voting to cast ballots

priming

process of calling attention to some issues, and not others when reporting events

turnout

percent of eligible voters who actually vote

political polarization

the division between the 2 major parties on most policy issues with each members unified on their party with little crossover

socialist

those who believe in social ownership , free marlets, strong govt, and less economic inequality