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rectilinear township
A(n) ________ and range survey system based upon lines of latitude and longitude.
City location
________ and the level of urban economic exchange could be analyzed using central places within hexagonal market areas, which overlapped at different scales.
homogeneous characteristic
A(n) ________ can be a common language.
Long lot patterns
________ have a narrow frontage along a road or waterway with a very long lot shape behind.
The concept of sequent occupancy is considered over a long term
in other words, the succession of groups and cultural influences throughout a places history
Regions are categorized into three groups
formal, functional, and vernacular
place
A specific point on earth with human and physical characteristics that distinguish it from other places
sequent occupancy
the succession of groups and cultural influences throughout a place’s history
relative scale/scale of analysis
the level of aggregation, or in other words, the level at which you group things together for examination
formal regions
areas of space that possess some homogeneous characteristic or uniformity
functional/nodal regions
areas that have a central place, or node, that is a focus or point of origin
vernacular regions
An area that people believe exist as part of their cultural identity
absolute location
a point or place on the map using coordinates such as latitude and longitude
relative location
the location of a place compared to a known place or geographic feature
site
the physical characteristics of a place
situation
the place’s interrelatedness with other places
distance decay
the farther away different places are from a place of origin, the less likely interaction will be with the original place
friction of distance
movement incurs some form of cost, in the form of physical effort, energy, time; costs are proportional to the distance traveled
Space-Time Compression
Time-space compression refers to the set of processes (new tech, communication) that cause the relative distances between places to grow smaller.
core and periphery relationships
Core countries are dominant capitalist countries that exploit peripheral countries for labor and raw materials. Peripheral countries are dependent on core countries for capital and have underdeveloped industry
cluster
things are grouped together on the Earth’s surface
scattered pattern
objects that are normally ordered but appear dispersed
linear pattern
straight line
sinous pattern
wavy line
mental map
the cognitive image of landscape in the human mind
large-scale map
Zoomed in map; more detial
small-scale map
Zoomed out map; less detail
Thematic Maps
Show data; thematic map displays spatial patterns and relationships between them (choropleth maps)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
incorporates one or more data layers in a computer program capable of spatial analysis and mapping
Global Positioning System (GPS)
utilizes a worldwide network of satellites, which emit a measurable radio signal; shows exactly where you are
political regions
boundaries are finite and well-defined (country)
spatial analysis
the mathematical analysis of one or more quantitative geographic patterns
choropleth map
a thematic map that expresses the geographic variability of a particular theme using color variations
isoline map
calculates data values between points across a variable surface (color blending)
dot density map
uses dots to express the volume and density of a particular geographic feature
flow-line map
uses lines of varying thickness to show the direction and volume of a particular geographic movement pattern
cartograms
distorts size based on value of variable
map projection
creates different levels of accuracy in terms of size and shape distortion for different parts of the Earth
Robinson projection
Most used, curved edges, distorts all parts of globe, not useful for navigation.
aerial photographs
images of the Earth from an aircraft, printed on film, but digital camera usage is on the increase
remote-sensing satellites
use a computerized scanner from satellitesGloba to record data from the Earth’s surface (remote areas)
Mercator Projection
Distorts poles of the globe, map Europe look more powerful
Relative Distance
Direction that can be described as a position (left)
Absolute Distance
Direction that can be measured with standard units of length
Reference Map
Shows geographical data, oceans, cities, borders, roads, ect
Spatial Patterns
The placement of objects on Earth’s surface and the space between the objects
Globalization
how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place.
Interdependence
dependent on one another in some way
Culture Ecology
The study of interactions between societies and their local environments
Environmental Determinism
theory that environment causes social development or the idea that natural environment influences people
Environmental Possibilism
theory that people can adjust or overcome an environment.
Local Scale
city, town county, neighborhood
Sub-national Regional
Smaller parts of a nation (states, provinces)
National
Comparing Countries
Regional
Comparing Regions (North America ect)
Global
Comparing whole globe, usually no bor
Demographic equation
A formula that uses birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration statistics to show population growth.
Crude birth rate (CBR)
The annual number of live births per 1,000 people in a population.
Crude death rate (CDR)
The annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population.
Green Revolution
Increased food and nutrition, access to sanitation, education, and healthcare.
Rate of natural increase (RNI) formula
Birth Rate - Death Rate / 10%.
Net Migration Rate (NMR)
The number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants for every thousand members of the population.
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The estimated average number of children born to each female of birthing age.
Dependency ratio
The number of people too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in the workforce.
Demographic transition model (DTM)
A theory of how population changes over time, providing insights into migration, fertility, economic development, industrialization, urbanization, labor, politics, and the role of women.
Epidemiological transition model (ETM)
A model that accounts for development due to increasing population growth rates caused by medical advances.
Stage One - DTM
Historically characterized by pre-agricultural societies engaged in subsistence farming and transhumance, with high birth and death rates.
Stage Two - DTM
Typically agriculturally based economies with high birth rates, declining death rates, and rapid population growth.
Stage Three - DTM
Historically where most "industrialized" or manufacturing-based countries were found, with declining birth and death rates due to urbanization and fertility control.
Stages Four and Five - DTM
Converging birth and death rates resulting in limited population growth or decline, with service industries driving the economy.
Malthusian Theory
The theory that global population would eventually outgrow the food supply, but food production has continued to stay ahead of population growth.
Sustainability
The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Population Pyramids
Graphical representations of the population structure, gender, and age distribution of a country or place.
Arithmetic density
The number of people per square unit of land.
Physiologic density
The number of people per square unit of farmland.
Overpopulation
A major concern in resource-poor regions and globally. It leads to the depletion of nonrenewable energy sources and decreased personal space.
Migration
The movement of people from one location to another, usually voluntarily
Push factors
Specific factors commonly about the rural agricultural landscape and livelihood that force people to leave, such as armed conflict or environmental pollution.
Pull factors
Specific factors commonly about cities that attract people somewhere, such as job opportunities or access to healthcare.
Interregional Migrants
People who move from one region to another within a country.
Transnational Migration
Movement of people across national borders, involving the relocation and settlement in a different country.
Forced Migration
Movement of individuals or groups who are compelled to leave their homes or countries due to factors such as conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
Undocumented Immigrants
Individuals residing in a country without legal authorization by the government of that country. Commonly seeking refuge or employment.
Amnesty Program
Government programs that allow undocumented immigrants the opportunity to apply for official legal status.
Step Migration
The gradual movement of people from rural areas to urban areas in a series of small steps driven by economic opportunities and better living conditions.
Chain Migration
The process where immigrants move to a new country because of existing connections with family or friends who have already settled there.
Synonym for Birth Rate
Natality
Synonym for Death Rate
Mortality Rate
Rate of Natural Increase
Difference between the birth rate and the death rate in a population.
Doubling Time
How long it would take for a country to double in size.
Replacement Rate
2.1 TFR
20th century
Modern means architecture developed during the ________ that expresses geometric, ordered forms.
Temples
________ in Southeast Asia tend to have several towers with thin pointed spires that point outward at an angle.
Koran
Not all Middle- Eastern states are republics or monarchies that abide by Sharia, or Islamic law, based on the ________.
State
A population represented by a single government.
Culture
the shared experience, traits, and activities of a group of people who have a common heritage
Cultural syncretism
the blending together of two or more cultural influences
Modern and contemporary architecture
when new buildings are constructed using innovative designs
Postmodern
a category within contemporary that means that the design abandons the use of blocky rectilinear shapes in favor of wavy, crystalline, or bending shapes in the form of the home or building
Hindu temples and shrines
tend to have a rectangular-shaped main body and feature one or more short towers of carved stone
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Flashcard (38)