Absolutism.2023

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572)

Catholics attacked and killed 3,000 Huguenots (Protestants) in France.

Edict of Nantes 1598

Henry IV (4) declared in this law that Protestants should be able to practice their religion safely, but had to live in specific cities. Revoked by Louis XIV (14)

Henry IV (4)

Protestant ruler who converted to Catholicism before taking the French throne. Created the Edict of Nantes.

Louis XIV (14)

King of France, nicknamed the "Sun King." Lived in Versailles.

the Fronde

Rebellion against young Louis XIV (14). A mob attacked the royal palace in Paris.

Versailles

Royal palace in France, built up by Louis XIV. The palace was extravagant; nobles were forced to live there

Colbert

Financial advisor to Louis XIV; used mercantilism

Mercantilism

Economic system in which the mother country maintains a favorable balance of trade (export more than import); used by Colbert in France

Peter the Great

Reformer of Russia; built St. Petersburg, built a navy, established universities, hospitals, newspapers, etc.

Streltsi

Russian palace guards that rebelled while Peter the Great was studying in Europe.

Westernization

Peter the Great's policy of making Russia more like Western Europe.

St. Petersburg

Capital city built by Peter the Great. Used for trade during warm months and nicknamed a "Window to the West"

Great Northern War

War fought between Russia and Sweden; Russia won and built St. Petersburg on newly acquired land

Boyars

Russian nobles

Warm water port

Peter the Great's goal; he did not succeed.

Aspects of life controlled by absolute monarchs

People, Religion, Information, Military, Economy

Autocrat

One person who makes all decisions and rules alone

Characteristics that make Russia culturally different

Used a different alphabet (Cyrillic) from Europe, Russian Orthodox Church, and had been conquered by the Mongols

Suleiman I

Sultan of Ottoman Empire, nicknamed "the lawgiver"

Sultan

Title used by rulers of the Ottoman Empire

Millet

Religious community in the Ottoman Empire, in which people were allowed to keep their religions, make their own laws, and develop their own schools

Janissaries

Elite military group of the Ottoman military; made up of Christian boys forced to convert to Islam

Ottoman Empire

Muslim-majority empire, located where the Middle East, Africa, and Europe meet.

Mosque

Religious building in Islam.

Akbar the Great

Muslim ruler in a Hindu majority empire. Encouraged religious tolerance.

Mughal Empire

Located in India.

Had a Hindu majority with Muslim rulers.

Similarities between Peter the Great and Akbar the Great

Both built empire's first navy, traveled quickly to stop a revolt, and built a new capital city.

Rulers who practiced religious tolerance

Suleiman the Magnificent

Akbar the Great

Armada

fleet sent by Philip II of Spain to attack England. Most of the ships were destroyed by a storm.

Battle of Lepanto

Philip II defeated Suleiman's navy.

Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain?

Philip II raised taxes, took away self-government, and tried to convert them to Catholicism.

Philip II

ruled Spain and its colonies in the Americas

Reasons for Spain's decline

Inflation, lack of good leaders, loss of many members of the middle class.

Kangxi

Lowered taxes, paid for his own travel, and conquered Taiwan and Tibet

intendants

French officials who collected taxes and enforced royal laws; usually from the middle class.