Transportation and Industrial Revolution

These flashcards cover key topics from the lecture on the Transportation and Industrial Revolution, including advancements in transportation, significant figures, and inventions that transformed American industry and agriculture.

What was the most efficient way to move people and goods as of 1800?

Water transportation.

What significant challenges were faced by overland transportation in the early 1800s?

It was expensive, slow, and hazardous.

What is a turnpike?

A road for which users pay a toll.

Who designed the first commercially successful steamboat, and what was its name?

Robert Fulton designed the Clermont.

How long did it take to travel 1,440 miles using the Clermont?

Only 6 days.

What was the most dramatic advance in transportation during the 1820s in the U.S.?

Railroads.

What increase in rail network tracks occurred in the U.S. from 1830 to 1860?

Increased from 13 miles to 31,000 miles.

What did the Industrial Revolution transform in America?

It transformed manufacturing, the economy, culture, social life, and politics.

Who built the first water-powered textile mill in the United States and when?

Samuel Slater in 1793.

What was the Lowell Factory System known for?

It involved a fully operational mill where all operations in cloth manufacture occurred.

What significant change occurred in factory work due to the growth of factories?

Increased speed and volume of production, dividing work into small tasks requiring less skill.

What are interchangeable parts, and who is associated with this invention?

Identical components used to enhance production efficiency, associated with Eli Whitney.

What invention did Samuel F.B. Morse create in 1837?

The electric telegraph.

What agricultural tools improved productivity in American farming after 1840?

The steel plow by John Deere and the mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick.