HYDROLOGY (GROUP 2)

BASED ON QUIZ 2

Infiltration Capacity

It is the maximum speed at which ground can absorb water, just like how quickly the container lets water in.

Field Capacity

It is the total amount of water the soil can hold before it become saturated, just like how much water the container can store

Flooding Type Infiltrometer

Are experimental devices used to obtain data relating to variation of infiltration capacity with time.

Rainfall Simulator

These simulate natural rainfall and measure how much water soaks into the soil.

Wetting Front

This zone is characterized by a steep hydraulic gradient and forms a sharp boundary between the wet and dry soil. The hydraulic gradient is characterized primarily by metric potentials.

Runoff

This is the water that flows over the surface, not soaking into the soil.

Ponding Time

It refers to the duration between the onset of rainfall and the moment when water begins to accumulate or "pond" on the surface of the soil.

Saturation Point

It happens when the soil reaches its limit, infiltration slows down or stops.

Rainfall Intensity

The intensity of the rainfall affects the ponding time.

Infiltrability

a term generally used in the disciplines of soil physics and hydrology to define the maximum rate at which rain or irrigation water can be absorbed by a soil under a given condition.

Green Ampt Model

It is a model that assumes a homogeneous soil with constant hydraulic conductivity, initial wate content, and head at the wetting front.

Burette

It acts as a controlled water source to compensate for the water being absorbed by the soil during the infiltration process.

• Simple Infiltrometer

• Double Ring Infiltrometer

Two Types of Infiltrometer

• Flooding Type Infiltrometer

• Rainfall Simulator

Give 2 Measurement of infiltration

• Soil saturation

• Base Flow

• Soil Texture

• Precipitation Level

• Land Cover

• Slope of land

• Human Activities

• Evapotranspiration Level

List 8 factors that affects infiltration.

Infiltration

It is when water is applied to the surface of a soil, a part of it seeps into the soil.

Saturated Zone

The pore space in this zone is filled with water or saturated.

Transition Zone

This zone is characterized by a rapid decrease in water content with depth and will extend approximately a few centimeters.

Transmission Zone

• This zone is characterized by a small change in water content with depth.

• is a lengthening unsaturated zone with uniform water content.

Wetting Zone

In this zone, the water content sharply decreases with depth from the water content of the transmission zone to near the initial water content of the soil.

Precipitation Level

  The greatest factor controlling infiltration is the amount and characteristics (intensity, duration, etc.) of precipitation that falls as rain or snow. 

Soil Texture

Some soils, such as clays, absorb less water at a slower rate than sandy soils. 

Land Cover

Vegetation can slow the movement of runoff, allowing more time for it to seep into the ground.

Slope of Land

Water falling on steeply-sloped land runs off quicker and infiltrates less than water falling on flat land. 

Soil Saturation

is when the majority of the spaces in soil are filled with water, leaving little to no air between particles.

Evapotranspiration Level

is the process by which water moves from the land to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration.

Base Flow

is the portion of a stream's flow that comes from groundwater and is sustained between precipitation events. 

Human Activities

Prominent in urban settings; soil surface often gets compacted due to road construction, operation of tractors and large farm machineries.

Double-R

This most commonly used infiltrometer is designed to overcome the basic objection of the tube infiltrometer, viz, the tube area is not representative of the infiltrating area.

Soil Properties

the soil's saturation, field capacity, and hydraulic conductivity affect the ponding time. 

Land Use

the type of land use, such as open fields, residential, agriculture, and vegetation, affects the ponding time

• Rainfall Intensities

• Soil Properties

• Land Use

What are the three (3) factors affecting ponding time?