Histories of Policing - Key Concepts

Flashcards about the history of policing, social control, and key concepts discussed in the lecture notes.

According to the lecture, what activities encompass policing?

Social control, surveillance of deviance/conformity, moral policing, crime control, crime detection, crime prevention, upholding/enforcing the law, detecting the need for social services, protection of the vulnerable, and a formalized service/force established in legislation.

What were the key features of the London Metropolitan Police established in 1829?

Prevention of crime, non-military approach, and police beats were key aspects.

List at least five of Peel's nine principles of policing.

1. Prevent crime and disorder; 2. Public approval is essential; 3. Secure public cooperation; 4. Physical force diminishes cooperation; 5. Impartial service to the law; 6. Use force only when necessary; 7. Police are the public, public are the police; 8. Do not usurp judiciary powers; 9. Absence of crime indicates efficiency.

What did the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 establish?

Professional, centralized, and organized force in London.

What roles were created as a result of police reform?

Order maintenance, problem-solving, crime control and investigation, apprehending offenders, social service, crime prevention, and emergency management.

What is the unique resource that police possess?

The capacity to wield non-negotiable force.

What were some of the challenges of policing the Australian Colony?

Limits to resources, bushrangers, and policing Indigenous peoples.

Name at least three of the recognizable policing bodies in 1840.

The Sydney Police, The Sydney Water Police, The Mounted Police, The Rural Police, The Border Police, The Native Police.

Name at least five Australian Police Agencies.

Australian Federal Police, Australian Capital Territory Police, New South Wales Police Force, Northern Territory Police, Fire & Emergency Services, Queensland Police Service, South Australia Police, Tasmania Police, Victoria Police, Western Australia Police Service.

According to Beccaria, what is the central tenet of the social contract?

To sacrifice some individual rights so that the greatest happiness of the greatest number can be realized through governance.

How is social control defined?

The use of sanctions and rewards within a group to influence and shape behavior.

Describe historical social control and policing.

Prevented crime, maintained order, supposedly politically independent, enforcing laws impartially, criticized for upholding dominant social order and protecting private property, regulated public space.

What two key themes shaped historical policing practices?

Police discretion (with little accountability) and police deviance.

What is the main question when considering the historical social control and the police?

Whether the 'calling the police' action is considered an informal social control and how that affects the community.