Laser Didactic Final Exam

420nm color is blue/violet?

True

The cells responsible for skin color are called?

Melanocytes

What part of the body is MOST vulnerable to exposure to laser light?

Eyes

What type of hars are long, coarse, thick, and pigmented?

Terminal

What is the term for the vaporization, cutting, or removal of skin that, in general, can only be perfored by physicians?

Ablation

Native Americans and Asians are classified as a Fitzpatrick V?

True

What are the nanometers for Ruby?

694

Light converts into?

Energy

Which is NOT one of the four principle interactions between laser light and tissue?

Reduction

Which governmental agency is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety and effectiveness of medical devices and products that give off radiation?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

What are the nanometers for Nd:YAG?

1064

IPL is the best treatment for Melasma?

False

All are clinical endpoints for IPL except?

PFE (Perifollicular Edema)

What are the components of skin absorption?

Blood, Melanin, Water, Ink

All Fitzpatrick types can be treated with IPL?

False

What governmental agency promotes and facilitates assessment systems?

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

What term refers to lasers’ ability to bounce off shiny surfaces?

Reflection

What governmental agency oversees the safety of employees in the workplace?

Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

What term refers to the target in the body, such as blood or collagen, that absorbs the laser beam’s thermal injury, causing the desired treatment effect?

Chromophore

What form of radiation are cosmetic lasers?

Non-ionizing

What is the active phase of hair growth?

Anagen

What is a Spot Size measured in?

Millimeters

What is the recommended minimum treatment number for LHR?

6

Any kind of laser warning signs can be placed outside the operating room?

False

Energy is measured in?

Joules

What are the nanometers for Alexandrite?

755

What is NOT among the responsibilities of a salon’s laser safety officer (LSO)?

Repairing laser equipment

The two parts of the hair follicle which needs to be targeted by laser are the _____ and the _____.

Bulb, bulge

All are post care instructions for LHR except?

No SPF

Which wavelength would you NOT use for LHR?

420nm

How is a wavelength measured?

The distance from the top of one wave tot he top of the next wave

All lasers are considered Class 4?

False

Class 4 lasers are potentially hazardous to the human eye and skin from both direct exposure and diffuse reflection?

True

Selective Photothermolysis and Absorption Coefficient have the same meaning?

True

What are the nanometers for Diode?

810

What is NOT among the conditions commonly treated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs)?

Severe acne

TRT stands for?

Thermal Relaxation Time

MPE stands for?

Maximum Permissible Exposure

What component of every laser device is responsible for the creation of light?

Optical resonator

Which layer of the skin prevents full absorption of lasers?

Stratum Corneum

The Fitzpatrick Scale is a classification system based on?

Skin pigmentation

What term refers to lasers’ ability to move through tissue, fluid, and even glass?

Transmission

Pulse Duration and Pulse Width are terms used interchangeably?

True

The acronym for LASER stands for?

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Glogau Scale provides an indication of the degree of?

Sun damage and wrinkles

Topical numbing cream should be applied prior to LHR treatments?

False

NHZ stands for?

Nominal Hazard Zone

IPL is best for Fitzpatrick 4-6?

False

All are contraindications for laser EXCEPT?

Vitamin C

What does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

The Visible Light spectrum is above 780nm?

False

What is NOT true of laser photons?

They are incoherent

Eddy has dark red hair and wants to get his beard lasered. Eddy is a great LHR candidate?

False

Cosmetic laser radiation is ionizing?

False

Erythema is swelling?

False

What term refers to the dangerous diffusion of laser light that can happen when some laser wavelengths transmit deeply into the skin?

Scatter

Erythema is swelling around the hair follicle?

False

What is the visible light range?

400-780nm

Why is the eye so vulnerable to injury upon exposure to lasers?

The eye’s lens can magnify a laser’s energy 100,000 times

What are the three characteristics of laser light?

Monochromatic, coherent, collimated

Eye protection is optional and only needs to be worn during calibration?

False

The best LHR wavelength for Fitzpatrick 3 is 755nm?

True

Which governmental agency establishes the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) guidelines used in relation to lasers?

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

What injury is risked by exposure to visible wavelengths from 400 nm to 1,400 nm and near-infrared wavelengths?

Disastrous retinal burn

Protective eyewear should be worn by?

Technicians and patients

What is the nominal hazard zone (NHZ), according to guidelines established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)?

The treatment area where a laser is used

What term refers to small particles of electromagnetic (EM) energy that travel at the speed of light in the form of a wave?

Photons

Stephanie is Asian and wants to get her Brazilian lasered. The best LHR wavelength for her is 1064nm.

True

Nanometers and fluence have the same meaning?

False

The ideal candidate for LHR is?

Light Skin/Dark Hair

What does IPL stand for?

Intense Pulsed Light

What are the 3 layers of the skin, beginning with the outer layer?

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

What is true of long-term exposure to ultraviolet wavelengths?

It is hazardous to living tissue

What are the four components that make up a laser?

Laser medium, optical cavity, power source, delivery system

What should you do when you encounter problems with a laser device?

Document problems and corrective actions in your service records

Wavelength distance can be measured in?

Nanometers

Where does water start on the absorption coefficient chart?

890nm

Fluence measures the?

Heat

The process of targeting and damaging a particular chromophore while leaving the surrounding tissue intact is called?

Selective photo thermolysis

What are the average week intervals for IPL?

4-6 weeks

What effect of laser treatments addresses rhytids, acne scarring, and sun-damaged skin?

Collagen stimulation response

What laser and wavelength would be used for vascular and pigmented lesions?

Pulsed dye at 585 nm

Why is laser light referred to as monochromatic?

Each laser has only one color, which defines its clinical effect

What does STAR stand for?

Scatter, Transmit, Absorb, Reflect

Asian is considered Fitzpatrick type 3?

False

Native American is considered Fitzpatrick type 5?

True

When should you check your scope of practice?

Before performing any laser/light treatment

Diode is classified as?

Class IV

All protective eyewear should be marked with the wavelength of the laser and the optical density?

True

What is pseudo folliculitis?

Razor bumps

What effect of laser treatments addresses telangiectasia and/or erythema as seen with rosacea?

Vascular lesions response

Spot size is the diameter of the specific area being treated?

True

Edema is redness?

False

What is an LSO?

Laser Safety Officer

AC/TC for IPL treatment?

Melanin & Blood

All laser accidents should be reported to the LSO?

True

What is composed of infrared light, ultraviolet light, and visible light?

Electromagnetic spectrum

What effect of laser treatments addresses lentigo?

Pigmented lesions response

What is NOT an aspect of properly controlled laser usage?

Locking the door to the treatment room

What happens during absorption?

Heat is transferred from the photon to the target in the body