PMTP - Arterial Puncture

Arterial Puncture

Are used to obtain a sample for blood gas analysis

Blood gas

Determines tye effectiveness of a patient’s ability to use oxygen and carbon dioxide

PO2

The dissolved oxygen in the blood

PCO2

The dissolved carbod dioxide

7.35 to 7.45

Range of blood pH

7.40

Perfect balance of pH

Blood that has left thr heart and lungs

Has the highest concentration of oxygen

Venous blood gas

Varies depending on cell location

Arterial blood

The sample choice for blood gas analysis

Anxiety and excitement

What can alter a patient’s breathing pattern and change the composition of thr blood gas?

Steady state

When is the blood gas analysis best done

Steady state

The state when the patient is resting comfortably and has had no recent physical activity or treatments

20-30 minutes

The time period needed for a patient to reach steady state after a physical activity or treatmenr

1% Lidocaine

When a patient fears needles and the pain, this anaesthetic solition is used in some health care institution

1ml syringe, 25G

How is the 1% lidocaine given

Hematoma

Arteriospasm

Hazards of arterial blood collection

Arteriospasm

Is a reflex condition of the artery in response to pain or anxiety

Arteriospasm

It goes away rapidlt but may take it impossible to obtain blood

Large umbilical arteries

Arterial site for newborn infant

Catheterization

Without this, the umbilical arteries constrict rapidly after birth and access by needle is impossible

Physician or specially trained nurse

Sampling from the catheterized artery is a duty of _______ or ______

Radial artery

Preferred puncture site for adults (thumb side of the wrist)

Allen’s test

Collateral corculation by the ulnar artery must be checked by the use of this test

• Palpating is difficult - Location is deep within the muscle and connective tissue and nerves

• Nerve damage

• Difficult to stop the bleeding

Brachial artery can be used but has several disadvantages such as:

Femoral artery

• One of the largest arteries in the body

• Located in groin and can be palpated and puncture easily

Pubic hair makes cleansing difficult and may lead to infection

Dissadvantage of using femoral artery as puncture site

Femoral artery

Is commonly used for cardiac catheterization and is only reserved for catheterization-type procedures

• Povidone-iodine

• Gauze pads

• Preloaded A.B.G. syringe with heparin solution (1000mL)

• 22G - 5/8 inches to 1 ½ inches

• 1 to 5 ml volume of syringe

• Ice water solution or bag of ice

Basic equipments for Arterial blood puncture

Alter the pressure of the gas in the sample

Why evacuated tube is not ised during AB collection