ap gove vocab test

policy agenda

a set of issues that are significant to people involved in policy making

formal powers

those powers defined in article II

informal powers

those political powers interpreted inn the office, to achieve policy goals

powers of persuasion

use of bargaining and persuasion to get a bill passed; organizing speeches and presentations showcasing positive changes

veto

a chance for the president to reject congressional bills

line item veto

empower an executive to eliminate a line or spending from an apropriations bill or a budgeting measure, allowing the president to veto part of a bill

commander in chief

the president; much control over the military

executive agreements

resembles a treaty yet does not require the senates 3/4 vote

executive orders

empowers the president to carry out the law or to administer the government

signing statements

statements that explain a presidents interpretation of a bill, their understanding of what is expected of them to carry it out

executive privilege

the right to withhold information of their decision- making process from another branch

cabinet

the principal officers in each of the executive departments; run large governmental departments that take care of national concerns

ambassador

a top diplomat appointed to represent the U.S with that foreign nation; come from careers in foreign affairs or are international experts

joint chiefs of staff

a council of the top uniformed officials from each division; advises the president on military strategy

chief of staff

gatekeeper; responsible for the smooth operation of the white house and the flaw of information

inherent powers

those that may not be explicitly listed but are within the jurisdiction of the executive

federalist 70

argues in favor of a unitary executive created by article II of the constitution; Alexander Hamilton

Washington

presented the first title of Mr. President; instilled public confidence in the nation

the imperial presidency

a powerful executive position guided by a weaker congress

stewardship theory

presumed that the president had a duty to act in national interests, unless the action was clearly prohibited by the constitution

twenty-second amendment

prevents any president from serving more than 2 executive terms or a total of 10 years

war powers act

the president can order the military into combat 48 hours before informing congress

teddy and the bully pulpit

Teddy Roosevelt pitched ideas to the American people; “bully” meant “excellent”; powers of persuasion

state of the union address

the president explains the economic, military, and social state of the nation, proposes new policies to the people when ordered by Congress

pocket veto

a veto of a legislative bill by an executive (the president) accomplished through holding the bill unsigned after the session of the legislature is over