BSC3016 Summer 2025 Midterm Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for the BSC3016 Summer 2025 Midterm Review.

Monophyletic

Common ancestor and all descendants

Paraphyletic

Common ancestor and some descendants

Polyphyletic

No recent common ancestor

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

The need of the cell (or organism) is based on volume, and the ability to supply that need is based on the surface area.

Aristotle (Scala Naturae)

Arranged organisms on a scale from minerals to humans.

Carl Linnaeus (Systema Naturae)

Developed a hierarchical system for classifying organisms.

Excavata

A major group of eukaryotes characterized by their unique cytoskeletal features and often possessing feeding grooves.

Chromalveolata

A major group of eukaryotes including dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and brown algae.

Rhizaria

A major group of eukaryotes characterized by their diverse forms and mostly unicellular organisms, often possessing pseudopodia.

Archaeplastida

A major group of eukaryotes that includes land plants, green algae, and red algae, characterized by the presence of chloroplasts derived from primary endosymbiosis.

Unikonta

A major group of eukaryotes that includes amoebozoans and opistokonts, characterized by having a single flagellum in their motile cells.

Primary Endosymbiosis

Host cell engulfs a prokaryote.

Secondary Endosymbiosis

Another host engulfs a primary endosymbiotic cell.

Vascular System

Xylem and phloem to transport water and nutrients, found in land plants (except bryophytes).

Xylem

Transports water in vascular plants.

Phloem

Transports nutrients in vascular plants.

Gymnosperms

"Naked seed", reproductive cones, wide variety of climates

Angiosperms

Seed in ovaries, develop into fruit, massive diversity in body plans and life cycles

Monocots

ONE cotyledon, fibrous roots, flower parts in multiples of 3

Eudicots

TWO cotyledons, primary/tap root with smaller branching roots, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Cotyledon

"seed leaf" that nourishes developing embryo

Roots

Anchor plant, absorb water and nutrients from soil, nutrient storage

Shoots

Provide support and nutrient transport for the plant

Leaves

Capture light for photosynthesis; broad and flat for SA:V; contain stomata for gas exchange