States of Matter

These flashcards cover key concepts related to states of matter, focusing on the properties, laws, and behaviors of gases.

States of matter

The physical forms in which a substance can exist, primarily solid, liquid, and gas.

Ideal gas

A theoretical gas composed of many particles that are in constant, random motion and obey the gas laws exactly.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion, highlighting that gas particles are in constant motion and that their kinetic energy is proportional to temperature.

Boyle’s Law

States that the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure exerted on it when temperature and amount of gas are held constant.

Charles’s Law

States that the volume of a gas varies directly with its absolute temperature when pressure and amount of gas are constant.

Avogadro’s Law

States that equal volumes of ideal gases contain an equal number of moles under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

Molar volume

The volume occupied by one mole of a substance at standard temperature and pressure, which is 22.4 L for gases.

Ideal Gas Law

A fundamental equation of state that combines Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Avogadro’s laws into the equation PV=nRT.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

States that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture.

Compressibility

The measure of how much the volume of a substance decreases under pressure.