Respiratory System Review- medt 1

Flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and definitions related to the respiratory system.

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Supplies oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide.

What are the major organs of the respiratory system?

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

What are alveoli?

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

What does the pleura do?

It is a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.

What does the combining form 'atel/o' mean?

Incomplete, imperfect.

What is atelectasis?

Incomplete expansion of the lung (collapsed lung).

What does the combining form 'coni/o' refer to?

Dust.

What is pneumoconiosis?

Lung condition caused by inhaling dust.

What does the combining form 'spir/o' signify?

Breathing.

What is spirometry?

Measurement of breathing capacity.

What does 'cyan/o' mean?

Blue.

What is cyanosis?

Bluish skin from lack of oxygen.

What does the combining form 'rhin/o' refer to?

Nose.

What is rhinitis?

Inflammation of the nose.

What does 'pleur/o' signify?

Pleura.

What is pleuritis?

Inflammation of the pleura.

What does 'alveol/o' refer to?

Alveolus.

What is alveolitis?

Inflammation of alveoli.

What does 'pneum/o' mean?

Air, lung.

What is pneumothorax?

Air in the pleural cavity.

What does 'pneumon/o' signify?

Lung.

What is pneumonia?

Infection of the lungs.

What does the suffix '-phonia' refer to?

Voice.

What is dysphonia?

Difficulty speaking.

What does the suffix '-capnia' signify?

Carbon dioxide.

What is hypercapnia?

Excessive CO₂ in the blood.

What does the prefix 'tachy-' mean?

Fast.

What is tachypnea?

Rapid breathing.

What does 'eu-' signify?

Good, normal.

What is eupnea?

Normal breathing.

What does the prefix 'brady-' mean?

Slow.

What is bradypnea?

Slow breathing.

What is Bacterial Pneumonia?

Pneumonia caused by bacteria, e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae.

What is Viral Pneumonia?

Pneumonia caused by viruses like influenza.

What is Fungal Pneumonia?

Pneumonia caused by fungi, often in immunocompromised patients.

What is Aspiration Pneumonia?

Pneumonia caused by food, liquid, or vomit entering the lungs.

What is Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)?

Pneumonia that occurs outside a hospital setting.

What is Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)?

Pneumonia that develops after 48+ hours in a hospital.

What is anosmia?

Inability to smell.

What is empyema?

Pus in the pleural cavity; often a complication of infection.

What are the characteristics of influenza?

Fever, body aches, sore throat, cough, chills.

What is coryza?

Term for a head cold; acute inflammation of nasal passages.

What is epistaxis?

Medical term for nosebleed.

What is dyspnea?

Difficulty breathing.

What is orthopnea?

Difficulty breathing when lying flat.

What is apnea?

Absence of breathing.

What is wheezing?

High-pitched sound caused by narrowed airways.

What are crackles (rales)?

Bubbling sounds in lungs; may indicate fluid.

What are rhonchi?

Snoring-like sounds caused by mucus in airways.

What is stridor?

Harsh, high-pitched sound on inspiration; indicates obstruction.

What is bronchoscopy?

Procedure to examine airways using a scope.

What is thoracentesis?

Removal of fluid from the pleural space with a needle.

What is a chest X-ray used for?

Common imaging used to assess pneumonia, fractures, or tumors.

What do Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) assess?

Lung volume and flow.