dipoles

define electronegativity?

an atoms ability to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

what is the most electronegative element?

fluorine

what scale is electronegativity measured on?

the pauling scale

in covalent bonds between 2 atoms of different electronegativities, what happens to the bonding electrons?

the bonding electrons are pulled towards the more electronegative atom making the bond polar

define dipole?

a difference in charge between two atoms caused by a shift in electron density in the bond

what does a greater density result in?

a greater shift in the bond

what dipoles do polar molecules have?

permanent dipoles

what are the 3 types of intermolecular forces?

• induced dipole dipole/ london forces

• permanent dipole dipole interactions

• hydrogen bonding

what does induced dipole dipole forces cause?

causes all atoms and molecules to be attracted to eachother

when can hydrogen bonding only happen?

when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen

are polar molecules soluble in watrer?

yes