BIO306 Exam 3 Notes

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Pomology

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45 Terms

1

Pomology

Producing, storing, processing, and marketing of fruits and nuts

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2

Fruit

Mature ovary of a flowering plant or tree that includes seeds, its covers, and any connected parts

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3

Simple fruit

One from a flower with a single pistil

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4

Aggregate fruit

One from a single flower with several pistils (raspberries, blackberries, strawberries)

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5

Multiple fruit

One from flowers that are separated by closely clustered (pineapple)

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6

Endodormancy

Also known as rest, imposed by internal blocks in seeds and buds; regulated by hormones and overcome by winter chilling

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7

Ectodormancy

Also known as quiescence, plant will not grow until external conditions are satisfied

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8

Thinning

The removal of excess parts of a crop before it matures; typically executed on fruit crops

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9

Napthaleneacetic acid (NAA)

Stimulated ethylene which slows development of youngest and weakest fruits, eventually abscising them; response of plant is proportional to amount applied; can cause flagging or phytotoxicity over 85 degrees.

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10

Carbaryl

Safest means to thin as this almost never overthins; accidentally discovered to have thinning properties; an insecticide, and therefore toxic to honeybees

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11

What is important in harvesting to prevent bruising and to keep fruit sanitary?

Prevention of fruit drop

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12

Picked fruits are still ____

Living

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13

Entomology

Branch of zoology concerned with the study of insects

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14

Three main sections of an insect

Head, thorax, and abdomen

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15

Metamorphosis

Changes in body shape and form

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16

___% of insect species feed on plants

50

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17

Coevolution

Evolution of one trait of a species in response to a trait in another

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18

Phytophagous insect

One that feeds exclusively on plants

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19

Monophagous insect

One that feeds on only one plant taxon

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20

Oligophagous insect

One that feeds on a few plant taxa

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21

Polyphagous insect

One that feeds on many plant groups

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22

Why is it important to understand the mouthparts of insects?

To assess damage and determine control methods

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23

Frass

Small holes caused by damage from chewing mouthparts

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24

Honeydew

Sticky residue left behind by insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts

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25

Galls

Tumor-like growth of plant tissue that provides a protective environment for an insect and harms the plant

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26

Collembola

Springtails; nuisance on ornamentals and mushrooms

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27

Orthoptera

Grasshoppers and mole crickets; feed on perennial plants and cause turf damage

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28

Thysanoptera

Thrips; a major problem in greenhouse crops due to disease transmission

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29

Heteroptera

True bugs; may discolor or disfigure leaves

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30

Homoptera

Aphids and scale insects; known for leaving honeydew

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31

Coleptera

Beetles; can be borers; adults and larvae have chewing mouthparts

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32

Diptera

True flies

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33

Lepidoptera

Butterflies; adults do not harm plants, but larvae may be leaf miners

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34

Hymenoptera

Wasps and sawflies; have chewing mouthparts.

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35

What threat do thrips pose to plants?

Disease transmission

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36

What threat do grasshoppers and mole crickets pose to plants?

Feeding on perennial plants and causing turf damage

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37

What threat do springtails pose to plants?

Nuisance on ornamentals and mushrooms

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38

What should be known about beetles?

Both adults and larvae have chewing mouthparts

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39

What should be known about true flies?

May have chewing or piercing-sucking mouthparts

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40

What threat do butterflies pose to plants?

Larvae may be leaf miners

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41

What should be known about the order that contains sawflies?

Contains annoying ants and beneficial bees

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42

What pest species is born pregnant?

Aphids

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43

What pest species has males that are haploid?

Mites

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44

Ovaries become _____.

fruit

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45

Why are fruit crops thinned?

Increases fruit size, promotes higher sugar content, increases fruit coloration, reduces limb breakage, reduces diseases and pests, and allows the alternation of bearing tendencies.

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