All of practical 2

Gliding

Flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint

Extension

increases the angle of a joint

Plantar Flexion

pointing toes

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

Abduction

movement away from the midline

Adduction

movement toward the midline

Supination

Palm up

Pronation

palm down

Protraction

Moving a part forward

Retraction

moving a part backward

Inversion

turning inward

Eversion

turning outward

Epicranius

frontalis and occipitalis; raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead horizontally, pulls scalp posteriorly

orbicularis oculi

closes eyelid

orbicularis oris

closes lips/kissing muscle

Buccinator

compresses cheek when whistling/blowing

Zygomaticus

raises corner of mouth; smiling

Platysma

tenses skin of neck

Masseter

closes jaw, protraction

Temporalis

closes jaw, retraction

Sternocleidomastoid

flexes neck; rotates head

trapezius

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm

rectus abdominis

flexes vertebral column

external oblique

Compresses abdomen; rotates vertebral column (superficial layer)

internal oblique

Compresses abdomen; rotates vertebral column (middle layer)

transverse abdominis

compresses abdomen (deepest layer)

rotator cuff muscles

4

serratus anterior

pulls scapula forward and downward

Erector Spinae

Keep spine and back erect

Deltoid

abducts arm

pectoralis major

Adducts and flexes humerus

latissimus dorsi

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

biceps brachii

Flexes forearm, supination of forearm; superior to brachialis

triceps brachii

extends elbow

brachialis

flexes forearm, deep to biceps brachii

Brachioradialis

flexes forearm, supination, pronation

Forearm extensor group

wrist and finger extension

Forearm flexor group

wrist and finger flexion

Iliopsoas

flexes hip

gluteus maximus

extends hip

gluetus medius

abducts thigh

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, & laterally rotates thigh at the hip

tensor fasciae latae

flexes and abducts thigh; important for walking

rectus femoris

extends leg at knee; part of quads

vastus medialis

extends knee; quads

vastus intermedius

extends knee; smallest of quads

vastus lateralis

extends knee; quads

adductor group

adducts thigh; medial

Gracilis

adducts thigh, flexes leg; medial

biceps femoris

flexes leg and extends thigh; lateral hamstrings

Semitendinosus

flexes leg and extends thigh; medial hamstrings

Semimembranosus

flexes leg and extends thigh; hamstrings

Gastrocnemius

plantar flexion

Soleus

plantar flexion; below gastrocnemius

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

calcanial tendon

also know as the achilles tendon; attaches the calf muscle to the calcaneus

Tendon

Bone to muscle

Ligament

Bone to bone

Medial Collateral Ligament

MCL (posterior view)

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

ACL (anterior view)

Lateral Collateral Ligament

LCL (posterior view)

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

PCL (anterior view)

Clavicle

collar bone

coracoid process

process on the anterior, superior side of scapula near the glenoid cavity extending laterally

Scapula

shoulder blade

acromion process of scapula

lateral end of spine of scapula; forms top of shoulder

spine of scapula

glenoid cavity of scapula

a shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus

Humerus

upper arm bone

head of humerus

articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

deltoid tuberosity

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

olecranon fossa

located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna

Ulna

medial bone of the forearm (pinky side)

Olecrenon process of ulna

process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow

styloid process of ulna

on the ulna

Radius

lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side)

head of radius

articulates with capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna

carpal bones

wrist bones

Metalcarpals

palm of hand

Phalanges (hand)

finger bones

ilium

upper part of pelvic bone

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

pubis

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

Acetabulum

hip socket (where the head of the femur sits)

obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

Femur

thigh bone

head of femur

articulates with the acetabulum

neck of femur

right below head of femur before the shaft

greater trochanter of femur

insertion of gluteus medius

lesser trochanter of femur

insertion of psoas major

condyles of femur

origin of calf muscles

Patella

kneecap, sesamoid bone

Tibia

shin bone

tibial tuberosity

anterior side; bump below condyles

medial malleolus

distal process on medial tibial surface (inner ankle)

Fibula

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

lateral malleolus

process forming the outer ankle

tarsal bones of foot

7 bones

calcaneus

heel bone; largest of the tarsal bones