Muscle origin/insertion/action

Cutaneous trunci

Origin: Dermis of the barrel of the body

Insertion: Dermis of the barrel of the body

Action: Twitches the skin

Platysma

Origin: Tendinous raphe on dorsal midline

Insertion: Muscles surrounding lips

Action: Draws commissures of lips caudally

Superficial pectoral

Origin: Cranial sternum

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Adducts limb

Deep pectoral

Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Adducts and pulls limb caudally

Brachiocephalicus

Origin: Clavicular intersection

Insertion: Ulna, mastoid, dorsal neck

Action: Pulls limb forward, extends shoulder

Trapezius

Origin: Dorsal aspect of neck

Insertion: Spine of scapula

Action: Elevates and abducts limb

Rhomboideus

Origin: Occipital bone

Insertion: Dorsal border of scapula

Action: Elevates forelimb

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Last 7 thoracic vertebrae & spinous process of lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: Teres major tuberosity of humerus

Action: Draws limb caudally & flexes shoulder joint

Serratus Ventralis

Origin: Cervical vertebrae and ribs

Insertion: Dorsomedial scapula

Action: Supports trunk

Sternocephalicus

Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Depresses head and draws head side to side

Temporalis

Origin: Parietal bone

Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

Action: Closes mouth when chewing

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Lateral side of mandible

Action: Elevates mandible to close the mouth when chewing

Digastricus

Origin: Occipital & temporal bones

Insertion: Ventral mandible

Action: Opens mouth

Mylohyoideus

Origin: Medial mandible

Insertion: Median raphe between mandibles

Action: Raises floor of mouth & tongue

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Flexes shoulder/abducts limb

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Extends shoulder

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Adducts limb/rotates foream

Triceps brachii

Origin: Caudal border of scapula/proximal border of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon

Action: Extends elbow/flexes shoulder

Biceps brachii

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Ulna and radial tuberosities

Action: Flexes elbow/extends shoulder

Brachialis

Origin: Caudolateral aspect of proximal humerus

Insertion: Ulna and radial tuberosities

Action: Flexes elbow

Extensor carpi radialis

Origin: Lateral supracondylar crest of humerus

Insertion: Proximal aspect of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal bones

Action: Extends carpus

Common digital extensor

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Dorsal surface of distal phalanges of digits 2 - 5

Action: Extends carpus and digits

Lateral digital extensor

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Proximal ends of digits 2 - 5

Action: Extends digital joints

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Lateral aspect of metacarpal 5 and accessory carpal bone

Action: Flexes carpal joint

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Palmar aspect of metacarpals 2 & 3

Action: Flexes carpal joint

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle and olecranon

Insertion: Accessory carpal bone

Action: Flexes carpal joint

Superficial digital flexor (foreleg)

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Palmar aspect of phalanges of digits2 - 5

Action: Flexes carpus and digits

Deep digital flexor (foreleg)

Origin: Medial epicondyle/proximal ulna &medial radius

Insertion: Palmar aspect of distal phalanges

Action: Flexes carpus and digits

Tensor fasciae latae

Origin: Cranial wing of ilium

Insertion: Lateral femoral fascia

Action: Flexes hip/extends stifle

Superficial gluteal

Origin: Sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Action: Abducts limb/extends hip

Middle gluteal

Origin: Lateral ilium

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Action: Abducts limb/extends hip

Deep gluteal

Origin: Body of ilium and ischiatic spine

Insertion: Cranial aspect of greater trochanter

Action: Abducts and extends hip

Biceps femoris muscle

Origin: Ischiatic tuberosity of pelvis

Insertion: Patella/proximal tibia/tuber calcanei

Action: Extends hip/flexes stifle/extends tarsus

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischiatic tuberosity of pelvis

Insertion: Tiba and tuber calcanei

Action: Extends hip/flexes stifle/extends tarsus

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischiatic tuberosity of pelvis

Insertion: Femur and tibia

Action: Extends hip

Sartorius

Origin: Crest of ilium

Insertion: Patella/cranial part of tibia

Action: Flexes hip/extends stifle

Gracilis

Origin: Pelvic symphysis

Insertion: Cranial border of tibia/tuber calcanei

Action: Adducts limb/flexes stifle/extends hip and hock

Pectineus

Origin: Prepubic tendon/acetabulum

Insertion: Caudal aspect of femur

Action: Adducts limb

Adductor

Origin: Pelvic symphysis

Insertion: Caudal aspect of femur

Action: Adducts limb and extends hip

Quadriceps Femoris

Origin: Ilium/proximal femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Action: Extends stifle/flexes hip

Cranial tibial muscle

Origin: Cranial tibial border

Insertion: Proximal metatarsus

Action: Flexes tarsus

Long digital extensor muscle

Origin: Extensor fossa of femur

Insertion: Extensor process of distal phalanges

Action: Extends digits/flexes tarsus/extends stifle

Peroneus longus muscle

Origin: Proximal tibia and fibula

Insertion: 4th tarsal bone/plantar aspect metatarsus

Action: Flexes tarsus

Gastrocnemius muscle

Origin: Medial/lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur

Insertion: Proximal surface tuber calcanei

Action: Extends tarsus/flexes stifle

Superficial digital flexor (hind)

Origin: Lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur

Insertion: Proximal surface of tuber calcanei and plantar surface of middle phalanges

Action: Extends tarsus/flexes stifle and digital joints

Deep digital flexor (hind)

Origin: Caudal aspect of tibia and fibula

Insertion: Plantar surface of distal phalanges

Action: Extends tarsus/flexes digital joints

External/Internal abdominal oblique

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Flexes vertebral column/abdominalpress

Transverse abdominis

Origin: Last 4-5 ribs/transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Flexes vertebral column/abdominal press

Rectus abdominis

Origin: Sternum/xiphoid process

Insertion: Pubis

Action: Flexes vertebral column/abdominal press

Linea alba

Origin: Xiphoid process

Insertion: Pubis

Action: Insertion for abdominal muscles

Common Calcanean tendon (Achillies) is comprised of:

Gastrocnemius, Superficial digital flexor, Deep digital flexor

Hamstrings are comprised of:

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

What do the hamstrings do?

flex knee and extend hip

The medial thigh muscles are the __ of the rear limb

adductors

The popliteal lymph node is located:

Caudal to the stifle

The sciatic nerve is located:

Caudal aspect of femur beneath the biceps femoris

Which muscles hold the thoracic limb to the trunk

Serratus ventralis, trapezius, rhomboideus