aphuge review unit 1 - heimler

contagious diffusion

a cultural trait spreads from its place of origin outward

cultural trait spreads as a result of direct contact between individuals or groups, and which spreads without reference to status, wealth, class, etc.

idea, trend, or disease spreads quickly from person to person, like a virus.

cultural hearth

the area where a cultural trait originates and is most concentrated

ecumene

the portion of land on the earth’s surface that is permanently inhabited by humans

part of the world where people have made permanent homes and live.

xenophobia

fear or dislike of foreigners different from one’s own self

ethnocentrism

the belief that one's own culture is superior to others

acculturation

adopting some cultural traits from another culture, but they keep parts of their original culture

cultural landscape

visible imprint of human activity on the landscape

hierarchical diffusion

spread of an idea or innovation from elite places or people to more common places or people

when an idea or trend spreads from a person or place of power or influence to others, often in a top-down way.

agricultural density

the number of farmers per unit area of farm land

functional region

type of region is defined by a particular economic, political, or cultural activity

a region defined by a common economic or political purpose

a region defined by a central node or focal point and its surrounding areas

globalization

increasing interconnectedness of people and places through technology and communication

urbanization

movement of people from rural to urban areas.

region

a large geographical unit with shared cultural traits and characteristics

an area of the Earth that shares one or more common features, like culture, language, climate, or economy.

fertility rate

the total number of live births per 1,000 people in a given population

mortality rate

number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given population

formal region

defined by physical or cultural characteristics and boundaries → linked by common traits

an area where everyone shares one or more clear, measurable characteristics, like language, climate, or government.

polytheism

the belief in multiple deities or gods

relocation diffusion

spreading of a cultural trait through movement of people from one place to another

population density

The number of people living in a given unit of land, such as persons per square mile

assimilation

the process of one culture completely adopting the cultural traits of another culture

perceptual/vernacular region

region is defined by people's feelings and attitudes about an area

topography

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area

the study and description of the physical features of the land, such as hills, mountains, valleys, plains, and elevation.

infant mortality rate

the number of deaths among infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given population

life expectancy

the average number of years a person is expected to live in a given population

monotheism

the belief in one supreme being or god

migration

the movement of people within a country

animism

the belief in the existence of spiritual beings and forces in nature

emigration

the process of a population moving away from one region or country to another

immigration

movement of people into a country or region

landform

the physical character of a place, such as mountains, rivers, and climate

a natural feature of the Earth's surface, such as a mountain, valley, plateau, hill, or plain.