Psych Final- People Only

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37 Terms

1
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George Sperling
flashed images of 12 letters and proved that sensory memory holds a lot of info for short amount of time.
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Simons
gorilla experiment; selective attention is faulty
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Simons and Levons
men switch places behind door; change blindness
4
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George Miller
we can memorize the list of numbers up to 7 (+ or - 2); short term memory capacity study
5
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Karl Lashley
removed pieces of rats' brains to find info stored about running a maze. was unsuccessful in finding where it was stored. believed that memory was localized.
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Baddeley and Hitch
visual and chronological approaches; working memory
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Richard F. Thompson
classically conditioned rabbits to perform an eye blink based on a puff of air and then paired it with a tone. he then removed the cerebellum of the rabbits and they lost memory of the classical conditioning. did what Lashley couldn't do.
8
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Eric Kandel
long term potentiation; aplysia was classically conditioned but when the function was altered, the neuron structure changes.
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Lockhart and Craik
elaborative rehearsal (focus on the meaning of the words)
10
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Collins and Quillian
we group things into schemas by associations and not properties
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Ebbinghaus
forgetting curve
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Brewer and Treyens
write down details of office, schema of office makes people say things that aren't really there
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Roedigger and McDermott
false memory with target words (nurse, stethoscope, healthcare makes you think that doctor would've been mentioned too)
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Bartlett
native american legend
15
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Loftus and Pickrell
lost in the mall study
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Loftus et al
viewed burglary on film that used a hammer and then read about burglary with screwdriver. 60% reported that it was a screwdriver.
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Lampinen
story about "Jack", people are more likely to remember the atypical parts of the story.
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Lindsay et al
told participants they had put slime in their teacher's desk in first grade and showed half of them a picture of themselves when they were younger.
19
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Kosslyn et al
study a map and took map away and told them to remember the distances. proved that the relationship about how far away the places were on the map matched how long it took participants to recall that place.
20
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Wohlschlager
two of these 3's are backwards
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Rosch
prototype study with list of most common words
22
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Kanwisher and O'Craven
imagining and perceiving are in the same place in the brain
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Tversky and Kahneman
asked people if more words started with "k" or had "k" as the third letter. showed availability heuristic because more people said words that started with k but it is actually the third letter.
24
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David Wechsler
intelligence scales specifically designed for adults. believed IQ was influenced by personality, motivation, and cultural factors.
25
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Charles Spearman
g-factor underlies different kinds of mental abilities. intelligence is the equivalent of "mental energy"
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Louis L. Thurstone
disagreed about g-factor and said there were "7 primary mental abilities"
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Howard Gardner
different mental abilities are biologically distinct and controlled by different parts of the brain
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Robert Sternberg
agreed with Gardner but disagreed that there are multiple independent intelligences. triarchic theory of intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical.
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Binet
mental age; developed a procedure to identify students that require special help. lead to the idea of mental level which became a basis for modern intelligence tests.
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Terman
revised Binet's test and named it stanford-binet intelligence scale. used IQ and developed term "IQ test"
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Steele and Aronson
stereotype threat; if expectations are negative, being aware of that will make results worse
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Rescorla
reliable signals with rats. shocked one group at a specific time and one group randomly.
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John Garcia
taste aversion with rats. gave water and injected rats to create pain. rats wouldn’t drink water again.
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Thorndike
law of effect: responses followed by satisfying effect will become strengthened. made puzzle boxes for cats to escape from.
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Tolman
rats in a maze. group 1 got a reward, group got no reward, group three got a reward on day 2. latent learning and cognitive map.
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Seligman
biological preparedness. learned helplessness in dogs.
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Kohler
insight learning with chimpanzees