Psych Final- People Only

George Sperling

George Sperling

flashed images of 12 letters and proved that sensory memory holds a lot of info for short amount of time.

Simons

gorilla experiment; selective attention is faulty

Simons and Levons

men switch places behind door; change blindness

George Miller

we can memorize the list of numbers up to 7 (+ or - 2); short term memory capacity study

Karl Lashley

removed pieces of rats' brains to find info stored about running a maze. was unsuccessful in finding where it was stored. believed that memory was localized.

Baddeley and Hitch

visual and chronological approaches; working memory

Richard F. Thompson

classically conditioned rabbits to perform an eye blink based on a puff of air and then paired it with a tone. he then removed the cerebellum of the rabbits and they lost memory of the classical conditioning. did what Lashley couldn't do.

Eric Kandel

long term potentiation; aplysia was classically conditioned but when the function was altered, the neuron structure changes.

Lockhart and Craik

elaborative rehearsal (focus on the meaning of the words)

Collins and Quillian

we group things into schemas by associations and not properties

Ebbinghaus

forgetting curve

Brewer and Treyens

write down details of office, schema of office makes people say things that aren't really there

Roedigger and McDermott

false memory with target words (nurse, stethoscope, healthcare makes you think that doctor would've been mentioned too)

Bartlett

native american legend

Loftus and Pickrell

lost in the mall study

Loftus et al

viewed burglary on film that used a hammer and then read about burglary with screwdriver. 60% reported that it was a screwdriver.

Lampinen

story about "Jack", people are more likely to remember the atypical parts of the story.

Lindsay et al

told participants they had put slime in their teacher's desk in first grade and showed half of them a picture of themselves when they were younger.

Kosslyn et al

study a map and took map away and told them to remember the distances. proved that the relationship about how far away the places were on the map matched how long it took participants to recall that place.

Wohlschlager

two of these 3's are backwards

Rosch

prototype study with list of most common words

Kanwisher and O'Craven

imagining and perceiving are in the same place in the brain

Tversky and Kahneman

asked people if more words started with "k" or had "k" as the third letter. showed availability heuristic because more people said words that started with k but it is actually the third letter.

David Wechsler

intelligence scales specifically designed for adults. believed IQ was influenced by personality, motivation, and cultural factors.

Charles Spearman

g-factor underlies different kinds of mental abilities. intelligence is the equivalent of "mental energy"

Louis L. Thurstone

disagreed about g-factor and said there were "7 primary mental abilities"

Howard Gardner

different mental abilities are biologically distinct and controlled by different parts of the brain

Robert Sternberg

agreed with Gardner but disagreed that there are multiple independent intelligences. triarchic theory of intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical.

Binet

mental age; developed a procedure to identify students that require special help. lead to the idea of mental level which became a basis for modern intelligence tests.

Terman

revised Binet's test and named it stanford-binet intelligence scale. used IQ and developed term "IQ test"

Steele and Aronson

stereotype threat; if expectations are negative, being aware of that will make results worse

Rescorla

reliable signals with rats. shocked one group at a specific time and one group randomly.

John Garcia

taste aversion with rats. gave water and injected rats to create pain. rats wouldn’t drink water again.

Thorndike

law of effect: responses followed by satisfying effect will become strengthened. made puzzle boxes for cats to escape from.

Tolman

rats in a maze. group 1 got a reward, group got no reward, group three got a reward on day 2. latent learning and cognitive map.

Seligman

biological preparedness. learned helplessness in dogs.

Kohler

insight learning with chimpanzees