CDM, RTC, Poona pact Gandhi

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key events and concepts in modern Indian history as taught in the lecture.

What strategic shift did the Lahore Session of 1929 signify for the INC's objectives?

It adopted Poorna Swaraj as the goal, authorized CDM, and rejected Dominion status.

Which British act of 1929 was criticized as hollow due to its aim to pacify Indian discontent?

Irwin Declaration.

Why was January 26, 1930, marked as Independence Day?

It was a symbolic protest after the British ignored the Nehru Report.

What inspired Gandhi to focus on salt during the civil disobedience movement?

Salt was a basic necessity taxed by the British and affected all classes.

Who was directly challenged during the Dharasana Salt Raid?

Police officers under Viceroy Lord Irwin.

Why was the Delhi Manifesto of 1929 important?

It demanded a dominion status constitution, majority Congress participation, and amnesty.

What symbolic comparison did Subhas Bose make regarding the Dandi March?

He compared it to Napoleon’s March from Elba to Paris.

Which tribal leader defied British forest laws during the CDM in Assam?

Chandraprabha Saikiani.

Who led the Dharasana Salt Raid after Gandhi's arrest?

Sarojini Naidu.

Why did Gandhi agree to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact despite Bhagat Singh's execution?

He prioritized constitutional negotiation and lifting of repressive laws.

What criticism did Gandhi face during the Karachi Session 1931?

For failing to secure clemency for Bhagat Singh and comrades.

What constitutional idea was endorsed for the first time at the Karachi Congress?

A resolution on Fundamental Rights including free speech and universal franchise.

Why was the first Round Table Conference historically significant?

It was the first time Indians and British met as constitutional equals.

What did Gandhi reject regarding representation in the second RTC?

Separate electorates for untouchables.

Why did Ambedkar support the Communal Award of 1932?

It recognized depressed classes as separate political entities with reserved seats.

Which clause of the Communal Award was overturned by the Poona Pact?

Separate electorates for Depressed Classes.

What right was added under the Poona Pact besides seat reservation?

Educational grants for Depressed Classes.

Who represented Indian Christians in all three RTCs?

Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz.

What long-term outcome did RTCs facilitate despite the Congress’ boycott?

GOI Act 1935 — expansion of Indian representation.

What did Ramsay MacDonald achieve with the Communal Award?

Deepened caste and communal divisions to weaken Indian unity.

What motivated Gandhi to launch the Harijan campaign post-Poona Pact?

To undo the damage from the Communal Award's divisive impact.

Which institution did Gandhi establish for anti-untouchability work?

Harijan Sevak Sangh.

What weekly publication became the mouthpiece for Gandhi’s anti-untouchability campaign?

Harijan.

What did Gandhi vow regarding his return to Sabarmati Ashram?

He vowed not to return until swaraj was achieved.

Why was Gandhi's Harijan tour met with resistance?

Orthodox Hindus saw it as interfering with caste hierarchy.

Which region had student-led strikes against the Cunningham Circular during CDM?

Assam.

Who led the salt march from Tiruchirapalli to Vedaranniyam in Tamil Nadu?

C. Rajagopalachari.

Which area in Karnataka became a hub of forest satyagraha?

Sanikatta Salt Works.

Which Muslim leader led the Red Shirt movement in NWFP?

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi).

Who launched resistance in Manipur during CDM?

Rani Gaidinliu.

What alternative model did Nehru propose instead of 'Struggle-Truce-Struggle'?

'Struggle-Victory'—sustained mass action without compromise.

Why did the federal part of GOI Act 1935 fail to come into existence?

Princely states refused to join voluntarily.

What feature distinguished the 1935 Act from the 1919 Act in terms of provincial autonomy?

Dyarchy was abolished, giving elected ministers administrative powers.

Why did the Governor-General retain significant power under the 1935 Act?

He retained veto, ordinance powers, and control over defence and minorities.

What was Congress's main argument against contesting elections under the 1935 Act?

It legitimized colonial rule without real sovereignty.

Which socialist leader was prosecuted in 1937 for sedition by the Madras Government?

Yusuf Meherally.

Which Act in UP enacted in 1939 granted tenants full hereditary rights?

UP Tenancy Act (Oct 1939).

Who headed the National Planning Committee during Congress rule?

Subhas Chandra Bose.

Why did Congress Ministries ease press restrictions and release political prisoners?

To create democratic space and reverse colonial suppression.

What was Gandhi’s advice to Congressmen after the 1937 elections?

'Hold office lightly, not tightly.'

What was the Congress resolution at the CWC Wardha meeting in Sept 1939?

No Indian support for war unless India was granted freedom.

What did Linlithgow's October 1939 statement propose?

Consultation with all groups; leveraging Princes and League vs Congress.

What strategic shift was adopted during the Ramgarh Session 1940?

Resolution for launching civil disobedience when opportunity arose.

Why did Subhas Bose resign after the Tripuri Session?

He was forced to nominate a Working Committee as per Gandhi’s wishes.

Which painter created posters for the Haripura Congress?

Nandalal Bose.

Why did Gandhi choose not to oppose Viceroy Linlithgow’s war statement immediately in 1939?

He wanted to avoid dividing Congress further and assess global reaction to WWII.

Which clause in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact prevented the release of Bhagat Singh?

It excluded political prisoners convicted of violence or murder from general amnesty.

Why did the 1935 Act fail to secure a federal union despite its provisions?

Princely states refused to join the federation.

What was the Congress response to the Cripps Mission's postdated promise of dominion status?

They rejected it as 'a post-dated cheque on a failing bank.'

What critique did Bose make against Gandhi's Harijan campaign?

He called it paternalistic and insufficient to address structural caste oppression.