Science as Knowledge Protocol - Overview of Principles and Methodologies

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts from the lecture on the principles and methodologies of science, particularly in environmental science.

Science

A systematic and expanding body of knowledge aimed at discovering the general principles governing nature.

Scientific Method

A rigorous process rooted in inductive logic used for hypothesis testing and discovering knowledge.

Inductive Logic

A form of reasoning that develops general conclusions from specific observations.

Falsification

A core principle where experiments are designed to disprove hypotheses rather than seek confirmation.

Null Hypothesis

A specific, testable statement that denies something implied by the main hypothesis.

Pure Science

Research driven by intellectual curiosity in the search for knowledge, without practical applications.

Applied Science

Research focused on addressing practical problems and improving technology.

Historical Context of Science

Modern science emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries, moving away from natural philosophy.

Scientific Revolutions

Major advances in science that occur when established theories collapse under new evidence.

Biology and Ecology

Fields known for their inherent uncertainty due to complex interactions and variability in natural phenomena.

Accuracy vs. Precision

Accuracy reflects the true value while precision reflects the repeatability of measurements.

Iterative Inquiry

A dynamic scientific process that involves revisiting questions and refining ideas based on new evidence.

Community Analysis and Feedback

A collaborative aspect of science where researchers critique and validate each other's work.

Theory vs. Hypothesis

A theory is a broad, well-supported explanation while a hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a specific phenomenon.

The Role of Peer Review

An essential process that ensures scientific quality by having experts evaluate research before publication.

Scientific Knowledge Hierarchy

Organized levels of certainty and scope from facts to hypotheses to theories.

Over-arching Theory

A significant scientific theory that frames an entire field of study, influencing subordinate ideas.

Evolution of Theories

The process by which scientific theories change and adapt based on new evidence and interpretations.