Japan Full For the Final

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52 Terms

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Archipelago
(japan is)a chain of islands
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Battle of Midway Island
Occurred on June 4, 1942, was mostly air fighting. This was the turning point in the war(WW2) for U.S. US planes destroyed 4 Japan aircrafts, defeated the Japanese navy.
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Bushido
the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai.
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Diet
legislature; Japanese [elected] parliament that addresses the concerns of the people
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Feudalism
A political system in which nobles(daimyo) are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
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Figurehead
A person who appears to rule even though real power rests with someone else; leader in name only
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Gaman
Enduring in the face of difficulty with patience and dignity
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Island Hopping
A military strategy used by U.S against Japan during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others
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Juku
after school private tutoring; an additional school in Japan for preparing students for college(aka "cram school")
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Kana
a set of written symbols that represented syllables; new system of writing in Japan that replaced Chinese in more lower class families
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Keiretsu
Japanese business groups after the post-WWII dismantling of the zaibatsu. They are Alliances of corporations each often centered around a bank. They dominate the post-WWII Japanese economy.
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Kumi
Homeroom(group of students that stay together all day)
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Megalopolis
a very large, heavily populated city or urban complex.
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Militarism
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war(shogunate rule)
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Monsoon
rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains
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Russo-Japanese War
A 1904-1906 conflict between Russia and Japan, sparked by the two countries' efforts to dominate Manchuria and Korea(Japan wins a battle)
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Seppuku
a form of ritual suicide that originated with Japan's ancient samurai warrior class
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Typhoon
A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans; common in Japan
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Zaibatsu
Large family owned/government sanctioned monopolies that controlled most of Japanese economy during before WWII; owned many companies
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Bureaucracy
A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
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Commodore Matthew Perry
A navy commander who, on July 8, 1853, became the first foreigner to break through the barriers that had kept Japan isolated from the rest of the world for 250 years. Signed treaty of Kanagawa
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Daimyo
great samurai/powerful military figures
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Emperor
was a figurehead in Japan starting from 724 but gained back power in Meiji Period
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Minamoto Yoritomo
founded Kamakura Shogunate(first shogunate); was the strongest samurai and was appointed shogun by emperor; begun feudal systems
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Samurai
"warrior knights" in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.
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Shogunate
The japanese system of centralized government under a shogun, who exercised actual power while the emperor was reduced to a figurehead.
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Hideyoshi
Toyotomi; unites japan under one shogun after warring states; expels all European missionaries; tried to invade Korea
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Fujiwara
Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs(emperor became figurehead)
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Shogun
A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name; chief general of the army
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
Hideyoshi's right-hand man, appointed shogun by emperor; founded Edo shogunate and four-class system
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Yamato Clan
Clan, or uji, that dominated a corner of Honshu and set up Japan's first and only dynasty; founded written lang; cultural borrowing
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Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WWII; incited invasion of China, pearl harbor, etc.
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Mutsuhito
Young emperor(16) of Japan with the title"Enlightened One"; Fires shogun/daimyo/samurai and reinstates power back to emperor; led the significant modernization of Japan
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Kyoiku mama
A Japanese pejorative term which translates literally as "education mother". It is is a term that refers to a mother who relentlessly drives her child to study. The measure of a successful mother is a successful kid.
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General Douglas MacArthur
He was one of the most-known American military leaders of WW2(He made the Japanese surrender at Tokyo in 1945); Allied commander of Japanese Occupation
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Prince Shotoku
573-621 Protected the Queen and took leadership(bc no like women); adopted Chinese culture and part of Taika; created new gov structure/first written constitution
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Okinawa
largest of the Ryukyu Islands
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II(Aug 6 & 9, 1945)
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Kyoto
the capital city of medieval Japan
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Manchuria
Province in northeast China invaded by Japan in September 1931
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Korea
Invaded by Japan in 1910
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Edo
Tokugawa capital city; modern-day Tokyo; center of the Tokugawa shogunate.
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Heian
Capital city(new court) of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks
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Taika
"Great Change" that introduced bureaucracy and taxation; the reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly incorporate Chinese culture and politics into Japanese society
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Heian Court
AD 794 to 1192 imperial court that ruled Japan during a period of peace and security; started with emperor but was soon replaced by Fujiwara Family; eventually was replaced by feudalism.
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Meiji
Name of emperor Mutsuhito, a period of time(Meiji Restoration), and a form of government. Means "Enlightened One". Meiji(the person & period) made drastic changes to Japan in a short period of time.
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Shinto
"the way of the gods"; Japan's major religion that worshipped ancestors and nature - belief that everything in nature is filled with divine spirits(gods called 'kami')
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Kami
Any sacred being worshipped in Shinto including nature spirits and ancestors; "Shinto gods"
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Buddhism
A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha; seeking enlightenment and overcoming suffering
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Zen Buddhism
a Buddhist sect that emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and stresses simplicity and discipline; achieving enlightenment by seeing one's original mind (or original nature) directly; without the intervention of the intellect
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Matsuri
Community festivals held every spring and fall to celebrate the kami(ancestors) of each Japanese clan and village
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Four Affirmations
1) honoring tradition and family 2) love of nature 3) physical cleanliness 4) honoring matsuri(festivals and ceremonies)