Absolutism mixed with Enlightenment

Absolutism emerges in France …

Reaction to disorder

From which dates do jurists and legal thinkers want to establish a constitutional framework for balance of God and order

1590s to mid 1620s

Bourbons come to effectively own what?

Public power of France

Problem with absolutism:

absolutism monarchs reject earthly mechanisms for tyranny prevention

Raison d’Etat

Right of state to do anything to ensure its survival

1598 what Edict? What does it do?

Edict of Nantes, ends Wars of Religion

Give one example of a noble ‘under the pen’ under Henry IV

Nicolas de Neufville

Louis XIV known as?

Sun King

Louis XIV personal reign begins

1661

when were the estates general called for the final time before 1789?

1614-15

absence of the estates general…

synonymous with absolutism

In face of opposition, what happened to Parlement?

In 1673, the Parlement of Paris was deprived of right to remonstrate against royal edicts

Intendants were what?

Junior members of council, oversaw tax collection

When is France plunged into worst civil war experienced since 1590?

1648-1655

Louis XIV not interested in what?

Expanding France’s borders, aimed to secure them

What was ad hoc by design? Intentions?

centralisation, wanted control over patronage

Cult of what?

Gentleman and gentlelady

What is still occurring within France, up to which date?

rebellions, 1675

who is directly taxed after which date

nobility after 1695

proportion of adult male nobles in Louis’ army

1 in 2

greatest religious error:

1685 outlawing Calvinism

Why did Louis XIV target certain religions, such as Huguenots and even Catholic minorities?

Bible did not allow for two masters to be held simultaneously, potentially loyal to God over King

Flaw with system Louis left behind?

Dynasticism - system exists till revolution, even if belief didn’t

traditional absolute monarchy focussed on what two things

throne and altar

Absolutism shifts from 1740s, into enlightenment - what 5 main features? DPA, TaSaC, FMaJG, PDtStS, RTaDotCS

declining provincial authority, territories and subjects as commodities, financial management and joined government, patrimonial dynasticism to serving the state, religious toleration and decline of the confessional state

declining provincial authority particularly where?

Hungary under Austrian monarchy

territories and subjects as commodities….

calculated in precise and qualitative terms

financial management and joined government in Austria?

school of commerce in 1770

financial management in Austria prompts…

selective conscription, copying Prussia and Sweden

often a side of what went with enlightenment? example

militarism - Catherine the Great in military dress

In what way did Catherine attempt to emulate Louis XIV

Court grandeur and spectacular nature of Versaille

What was the political manifesto Catherine the Great attempts to make with enlightened ideals?

The Great Instruction

What was notable about the Great Instruction and what did it promote?

it was original in Russia context, and promoted justice, moderation, and humanity

In the second half of Catherine’s reign, what 4 things did she do? NSfA, NLS, IWICMaWT, E

New structures for administration, new legal structures, incorporated welfare institutions combined modernisation and Western tradition (suggests in Instruction, though feebly, that the condition of the serf may be improved), and education improves (not necessarily amongst ordinary man)

What did Catherine engage in which was arguably not ‘enlightened’ and who was in favour?

Relished war, had a successful warrior queen image, which Voltaire was in favour of

Until when was enlightenment and education demand weak in Russia

19th century

Frederick the Great moved towards….

ruler as first servant of the state

religious toleration - Frederick the Great?

disliked religion, recognised its social importance

Maria Theresa depicted as what in 1775?

St Barbara in Greek Catholic Church in Vienna

Joseph II does what…

suppresses 700 monasteries and diverts money

issues with agricultural commerce?

lack of incentive to improve

Joseph II and agriculture

develops in 1770s

revolts when in Austria signify depth of problems?

1775 and 1784

what social reform is introduced?

equality before law for all

blunder of Joseph II

cemetery scandal