chapter 2 science vocab

science

Cell membrane

protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment.

Cytoplasm

constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a cell’s life processes.

cell wall

rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria.

organelle

structure in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances.

nucleus

organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA

chloroplast

green, chlorophyl-containing, plant-cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.

mitochondrion

cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy.

ribosome

small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins.

endoplasmic reticulum

cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes.

Golgi bodies

organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell.

tissue

group of similar cells that work together to do one job.

organ

structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together.

photosynthesis

process by which plants and many other producers use light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water and give off oxygen

magnify

to increase the size of something

cell theory

states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells

disease

a condition that results from the disruption in one or more of an organisms normal processes

virus

a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

host cell

living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli.

Lysosomes

contains digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell water, and worn-out cell parts.

Vacuole

a membrane-bound space for temporary storage of materials. It can store waste, water, food or other cellular materials.