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what are ADLs problems?
Difficulty in performing everyday tasks that are required for living independently. ADLs are classified as either basic or instrumental.
what are alternatives to institutionalization?
Services and settings designed to keep older people who are experiencing age-related disabilities that don't merit intense 24-hour care from having to enter nursing homes.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
A type of age-related neurocognitive disorder characterized by neural atrophy and abnormal brain structures, such as senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
what is the heatlh span?
The number of years people can expect to live without ADL problems.
what are major neurocognitive disorders? and dementia?
General terms for any illness involving serious, progressive cognitive decline that interferes with a person's ability to live independently. (A minor neurocognitive disorder is the label for a less severe impairment in memory, reasoning, and thinking that does not compromise independent living.)
what are neurofribillary tangles?
Long, wavy filaments that replace normal neurons and are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
what is normal aging?
Universal, often progressive signs of physical deterioration intrinsic to the aging process.
what is presbyopia?
Age-related midlife difficulty with near vision, caused by the inability of the lens to bend.
what is presbycusis?
Age-related difficulty in hearing, particularly high-pitched tones, caused by the atrophy of the hearing receptors located in the inner ear.
what are senile plaques?
Thick, bullet-like amyloid-laden structures that replace normal neurons and are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
what is the socioeconomic health gap?
The worldwide disparity between the health of rich people and poor people.
what is the vascular neurocognitive disorder?
A type of age-related cognitive disorder caused by multiple small strokes.
what is medicare?
The U.S. government's health insurance program for elderly people.
what is continuing care retirement community?
Elderly housing option characterized by different levels of care. People enter in relatively good health and then move to sections providing more intense help when they grow more disabled.
what is assisted living facility?
Elderly housing option providing care for people with disabilities that, while significant, do not require a nursing home.
what is a day care program?
Center offering activities and a safe place to go during the day for impaired older adults living with relatives.
what are home health services?
Nursing-oriented help provided in the home of an impaired adult.
what are concerns about life extension?
• Ethical problems • Overpopulation • Spiritual grounds
what affects the physical aging path?
• Socioeconomic status • Ethnicity • Gender • Ag
why do women live longer?
• Survive longer due to: • Wider web of social connections • Second X chromosome • Rank higher on sickness indicators throughout life • Are more prone to illnesses that cause problems with ADLs but are not fatal
how can we increase healthy life years?
• Focus on children: • Preventing premature births, eliminating child poverty, improving education
• Focus on constructing caring communities:
• Making cities senior-citizen friendly, promoting healthy nutrition and exercise, supporting nurturing social relationships; collective efficacy
what are vision conditions that may occur?
• Cataracts • Macular degeneration • Glaucoma • Diabetic retinopathy
how can we clarify sight?
1 use indirect stron lighting
2 avoid fluorescent and reflective surface.
3. larger number on appliances.
4 clinic
5 use magnifiers.
how can we aid hearing?
1. Avoid loud places
2. Face when speaking.
3. Avoid elderspeak.
4. Replace noysi appliances.
5. Install carpeting.
6. Hearing loops
how can we help older people have less car accidents?
• Utilizing vehicle anti-crash features • Requiring yearly license renewals along with vision tests • Redesigning driving environments • Investigate car-sharing services
what is the progression of dementia?
1. lose semantic memory
2. Lose executive functions
3. Lose abstract thinking
4. Lose language
5. Lose all functions
6. die.
what is the genetic marker for alzheimers?
apoe 4
what is recommended prevention for alzheimer?
• Healthy diet • Physical exercise, particularly treatments or running wheels • Mental exercise, such as brain-stimulation games
what are tips for helping ppl w alzheimers?
• Providing cues to alert the person to the surroundings • Protecting protection from injury • Double-locking doors, turning off stoves, removing car keys
• Offering highly predictable, structured, loving daily routine
• Not taking abusive behavior personally • Remaining calm, avoiding criticism, taking time
• Focusing on the silver lining
• Joining a caregiver support group
what are techniques to improve nursing home resident quality of life?
Music therapy, canine therapy, visual arts education, assistive technology
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