Micro ch 15--The Adaptive Immune Response

antigen

a marker that you can find on bacteria/fungi/viruses

usually in the form of a carbohydrate and proteins

humoral immunity

protection with antibodies

antigen

a marker that you can find on bacteria/fungi/viruses

usually in the form of a carbohydrate and proteins

humoral immunity

protection with antibodies

cell mediated immunity

protection with antibodies

protection by the action of immune cells

(does not makes antibodies, does make cytokines)

B cells

lymphocytes that produce antibodies

antibodies

attach to antigen as a signal for the antigen to be destroyed

Immunoglobuin

a classification of antibodies

IgG

y shaped

circulates in the blood

IgD

receptor on B lymphocytes

IgE

the allergic antibody

binds to mast cells

mast cells

release histamine when the allergen binds to the IgE

IgA

2 antibodies together (a dimer)

in secretions

IgM

five antibodies bound together

first to be released in a primary immune response

T cells

lymphocytes that help control immune responses

some turn the response on, some turns it off

destroys microbes, cancer cells, transplanted cells, and viruses

lymphokines

cytokine reduced by a lymphocyte

primary immune response

occurs the first time a microbe enters the body

the cycle takes about 10 days

primary immune response steps

1. a macrophage engulfs a microbe

2. the macrophage displays pieces of the microbe on the cell surface

3. the pieces activate the T cells

4. the T cell divides, forming an active T cell and a memory T cell

5. the active T cell turns the B cell on, which divides into a plasma cell and a memory cell

6. plasma cell makes antibodies

7. antibodies and complement destroy the microbe

how long do the polio vaccine memory cells stay in your system

for life

how long do the tetanus vaccine memory cells stay in your system

around 10 years

how quickly do plasma cells make antibodies

2,000 per second

secondary immune response

occurs with reexposure to a microbe

memory cells reproduce within hours

microbe is defeated within 48 hours

natural active immunity

formation of antibodies and memory cells after exposure with a microbe

artificial active immunity

formation of antibodies and memory cells after exposure to a vaccine

natural passive immunity

the temporary protection by receiving antibodies through breast milk and placenta

artificial passive immunity

the temporary protection by receiving an injection of antibodies that was made in another person, animal, or in the lab