Soc002g_Exam_003

Ascription

Life chances determined by characteristics beyond individual control.

Global Gender Gap Index

A framework measuring gender inequality across four dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment.

Health and Survival

One of the four dimensions of the Global Gender Gap, including metrics like sex ratio at birth and life expectancy.

Economic Participation and Opportunity

A dimension of the Global Gender Gap encompassing women's participation in paid work and the type and pay of jobs.

Political Empowerment

A dimension of the Global Gender Gap measuring women's representation in political bodies and decision-making.

Kuznets Curve

A theory suggesting that inequality rises during initial economic development and falls after reaching a certain income level.

Great Gatsby Curve

A concept that illustrates the inverse relationship between economic inequality and intergenerational mobility.

Cyclical Model of Inequality

Suggests that the rise and fall of inequality repeats over time, influenced by economic cycles.

Static Model of Inequality

Posits that inequality is stable over time and does not change across societies without intervention.

Escalation Model of Inequality

Proposes that inequality will continue to rise indefinitely unless societal interventions occur.

Development Model of Inequality

Describes how inequality fluctuates in response to economic development.

Convergence Model

Suggests that inequality levels are converging, with poorer countries becoming more equal and richer countries becoming more stratified.

Welfare as a Relative Concept

The idea that welfare standards vary across cultures and time.

Inequality vs. Poverty

Inequality refers to relative deprivation, while poverty denotes absolute deprivation.

Sex Ratio at Birth

The ratio of newborn boys to girls, typically around 105 males per female.

Occupational Segregation

The division of jobs into categories based on gender, leading to disparities in income and opportunity.

Gender Pay Gap

The difference in earnings between women and men, often influenced by multiple factors such as discrimination and occupational choice.

Income Distribution

The way in which income is spread across the population, affecting levels of inequality.

Mobility

The ability to change social class or economic status, influencing opportunities for individuals.