General Terms APES

from summer assignment

organic vs inorganic

organic: derived from living organisms (carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds)

inorganic: derived from nonliving components (ionic bonds, rarely contain carbon atoms)

natural vs synthetic

natural: materials found in nature

synthetic: man made materials

kinetic vs potential energy

kinetic: energy associated with motion

potential: energy stored due to position

radioactive decay

emission of energy in the form of ionizing radiation (can affect atoms of living things)

half life

amount of time it takes 1/2 of the atoms present to decay

consumers/heterotrophs

an organism that cannot produce its own food; must eat other plants/animals to get energy

decomposers

an organism that decomposes organic material (soil bacterium, fungus, invertebrate)

photosynthesis

process of plants using sunlight to synthesize foods from CO2 and H2O

*reactants and products in image*

cellular respiration

series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

*reactants and products in image*

aerobic vs anaerobic

aerobic: needs oxygen to occur

anaerobic: does NOT need oxygen to occur

law of conservation of matter

matter is neither created nor destroyed

1st law of thermodynamics

energy in a closed system is neither lost nor gained

2nd law of thermodynamics

entropy constantly increases in a closed system

entropy

a measure of randomness or disorder of a system

organism

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

adaptation

the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment

mutation

the changing of structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations

gene

the basic physical and functional unit of heredity; made up of DNA

trait

a specific characteristic of an individual

chromosome

found in the nucleus of most living cells, carry genetic information in the form of genes

gene pool

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population

natural selection

a mechanism of evolution;

organisms that adapt are more likely to survive and pass on genes that aided their success

species

a class of things of the same kind and with the same name

population

a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding

community

an interacting group of various species in a common location

ecosystem

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

producers/autotrophs

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, CO2

biodiversity

the variety of life in the world or in a pr

extinction

the dying out or extermination of a species

plate tectonics

major landforms are created as a result of Earth’s subterranean movements (mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes)

weathering

the process of wearing or being worn by long exposure to the atmosphere

climate change

produces more weather extremes

rocks vs minerals

rocks: generally made up of two or more minerals

mineral: a naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition and atomic structure

climate vs weather

climate: the average weather conditions in a place

weather: a specific event that happens over a few hours

full name of each of these chemical abbreviations

carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, glucose, methane, hydrogen, water, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides?, nitrate, ammonia, oxygen, ozone, phosphorus, phosphate, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, potassium, salt, lead, mercury, radon, uranium