from summer assignment
organic vs inorganic
organic: derived from living organisms (carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds)
inorganic: derived from nonliving components (ionic bonds, rarely contain carbon atoms)
natural vs synthetic
natural: materials found in nature
synthetic: man made materials
kinetic vs potential energy
kinetic: energy associated with motion
potential: energy stored due to position
radioactive decay
emission of energy in the form of ionizing radiation (can affect atoms of living things)
half life
amount of time it takes 1/2 of the atoms present to decay
consumers/heterotrophs
an organism that cannot produce its own food; must eat other plants/animals to get energy
decomposers
an organism that decomposes organic material (soil bacterium, fungus, invertebrate)
photosynthesis
process of plants using sunlight to synthesize foods from CO2 and H2O
reactants and products in image
cellular respiration
series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP
reactants and products in image
aerobic vs anaerobic
aerobic: needs oxygen to occur
anaerobic: does NOT need oxygen to occur
law of conservation of matter
matter is neither created nor destroyed
1st law of thermodynamics
energy in a closed system is neither lost nor gained
2nd law of thermodynamics
entropy constantly increases in a closed system
entropy
a measure of randomness or disorder of a system
organism
an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form
adaptation
the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment
mutation
the changing of structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations
gene
the basic physical and functional unit of heredity; made up of DNA
trait
a specific characteristic of an individual
chromosome
found in the nucleus of most living cells, carry genetic information in the form of genes
gene pool
the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population
natural selection
a mechanism of evolution;
organisms that adapt are more likely to survive and pass on genes that aided their success
species
a class of things of the same kind and with the same name
population
a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding
community
an interacting group of various species in a common location
ecosystem
a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
producers/autotrophs
an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, CO2
biodiversity
the variety of life in the world or in a pr
extinction
the dying out or extermination of a species
plate tectonics
major landforms are created as a result of Earth’s subterranean movements (mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes)
weathering
the process of wearing or being worn by long exposure to the atmosphere
climate change
produces more weather extremes
rocks vs minerals
rocks: generally made up of two or more minerals
mineral: a naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition and atomic structure
climate vs weather
climate: the average weather conditions in a place
weather: a specific event that happens over a few hours
full name of each of these chemical abbreviations
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, glucose, methane, hydrogen, water, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides?, nitrate, ammonia, oxygen, ozone, phosphorus, phosphate, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, potassium, salt, lead, mercury, radon, uranium