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Motivation
A need or desire that drives behavior.
Instinct
Innate, automatic behavior in response to stimuli.
Drive-Reduction Theory
Motivation to satisfy biological needs and restore balance.
Homeostasis
Body's tendency to maintain internal balance.
Arousal Theory
Motivation driven by optimal arousal levels.
Sensation-seeking Theory
Desire for varied, novel, intense experiences.
Disinhibition
Impulse control reduction, often in social settings.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Performance varies with arousal level.
Self-determination Theory
Motivation influenced by autonomy, competence, relatedness.
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation from internal enjoyment or satisfaction.
Incentive
External reward motivating behavior.
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation from external rewards or punishments.
Approach-approach conflict
Choosing between two desirable options.
Approach-avoidance conflict
One choice has pros and cons.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Choosing between two negative options.
Ghrelin
Hormone that stimulates hunger.
Leptin
Hormone that signals fullness.
Hypothalamus
Brain region controlling hunger and homeostasis.
Pituitary gland
Regulates hormones and bodily functions.
Emotion
Complex response with physiological and psychological components.
Affect
Emotional experience or expression.
Facial-feedback hypothesis
Facial expressions influence emotions.
Display rules
Cultural norms for expressing emotions.
Elicitors
Stimuli that trigger emotional responses.
