Tree of Life

GENE3000 UGA

Algae

Eukaryotes with chloroplasts

Marine green algae

Chlorophyta

Freshwater green algae

Charophyta

What group did land plants likely evolve from?

Charophyta

Red algae

Rhodophyta

What is the largest group of algae?

Rhodophyta

Brown algae with uniquely derived chloroplasts

Phaeophyta

Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts

Bryophytes

Clubmoss, quillworts, horsetails, and ferns

Tracheophytes

Seed plants

Spermatophytes

Gymnosperms

Cycads, conifers, gnetophytes, ginkgos

Unicellular or colonial organisms (not a true taxonomic group)

Protists

Heterotrophs without chloroplasts

Fungi

What are the three groups of fungi?

Chytrids, basidiomycetes, ascomycetes

What are the basal animal groups?

Porifera, Ctenophora, Placozoa, Cnidaria

What group are sponges in?

Porifera

Comb jellies

Ctenophora (largest animals to swim with cilia)

What group likely had the first nervous system?

Placozoans

Jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones

Cnidaria

What group is all radially symmetric with one opening

Cnidaria

Bilateria, where the mouth develops before the anus

Protostomes

Bilateria, where the anus develops before the mouth

Deuterostomes

Sea stars, urchins, sea cucumbers

Echinodermata

Defined by a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail

Chordata

Lampreys and hagfish

Cyclostomata

Sharks, rays, skates, sawfish

Elasmobranchii

Bony fish

Osteichthyes

What group makes up 96% of fish?

Teleost

What are the three main groups of mammals?

Monotremes, eutherians, metatherians

Echidnas, platypi

Monotremes

Marsupials

Metatherians

Placental mammals

Eutherians

What are the two main groups of eutherians?

Atlantogeneta and boreoeutheria

What are the two orders of carnivores?

Caniformia and Feliformia

Wet-nose primates

Strepsirrhines

Dry-nosed primates

Haplorhines

Narrow-nosed primates

Catarrhines

Flat-nosed primates

Platyrrhine

What characterizes Rodentia?

Two continuously growing incisors in both jaws

Hares and rabbits

Leporidae

What characterizes leporidae?

Four continuously growing incisors

What are the two major groups of protostomes?

Ecdysozoa and spiralia

What are the three groups of mollusks?

Gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves

squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses

Cephalopod

What is the main difference between millipedes and centipedes?

Millipedes are detritivores, centipedes are carnivores

Crustaceans

Paraphyletic group