NEW FRANCE (Quiz 3 unit: 1)

What did king Henry IV make? Why?

A company to create a colony in NA. They wanted beaver pelts.

What happened in 1605?

Samuel Champlain “Father of New France” arrived in NA for the FIRST time

What happened between the year 1604 and 1607

The French established a colony at Île Ste. Croix in 1604 then Port Royal in 1605 but then abandoned it in 1607.

Why did Champlain turn his sights away from Île Croix and Port Royal? Why was the place good?

For the st Lawrence river where standacona once existed. The place was abandoned but was a great location for trade and agriculture

What did Champlain name the new colony of standacona area?

Quebec (where the river narrows)

What was the purpose of the French colony in New France?

Mercantilism — enrich the mother country

What are the three steps involved in Mercantilism?

Ship raw materials to France

Manufacturing in France

Market and sell

What did New France experience from 1604-1759

Growing pains

What are the 5 disadvantages for the colonies in Mercantilism?

Secondary industries were not allowed to develop, keeping the colony weak.

Development was always in interest of France

Trade with other colonies and countries was not allowed

Colony remained small and highly dependent on France.

Who did the French rely on to get the beaver furs? To where?

Huron and Algonquins, to Quebec

Who were the two tribes at war? Who asked who for help?

Huron and Iroquois, the Huron asked Champlain to help

What did Champlain say in his story of (1604 -1618) that had the Iroquois scared

He had muskets which were able to kill many people at once. This was never seen before.

Why was Champlain involved in the battle between Iroquois and Huron?

For the economic gain

Economic Alliances = ?

Military Alliance

Is was not people who built New France it was a _____

Why is this said?

Rodent

Because the fur trade that established the economic viability of New France.

What are the 8 types of hat styles?

Continental, Naval, Clerical, Paris Beau, Wellington, D’orsay, Regent, Army

What is the difference between felt and pelt

Felt: finished product, (what can be felt)

Pelt: new fur that needs to be Prepared

To harvest natural resources and develop the colony what did Champlain need?

Investors

Who is Cardinal Richelieu

One of the most powerful people in France

In 1627, who did Champlain bring with him to establish COHA? And what is the acronym stand for?

He brought Cardinal Richelieu established Company of One Hundred Associates

What was the purpose of the company of 100 associates

1. Trade

2. Settlement

3. Conversion (Catholicism)

Who joined in on the fight between Huron with France against Iroquois?

The British sided with Iroquois

What happened because of the attacks by the Iroquois?

There was a disturbance in trade between the French and the Huron

Colonist lived in fear, trade did not develop, land was not clear or farmed

Who was determined to make new France part of the French Empire?

King Louis XIV

When was the Company of One Hundred Associates dismissed?

1663

Why was New France becoming more independent?

Europe was involved in wars and communication was not efficient

How many French soldiers were sent to Quebec for the regiment?

1100

What happened in 1666

The French fought against the Iroquois, burning villages and destroyed the haudensaunee winter grain stock

What forced the Iroquois to sign a Peace treaty?

When the French burned villages around Lake Champlain and destroyed the winter stock of grain in 1666

What was implemented for the militia in 1669?

All able men ages 16-60 belonged to the militia.

How many years was the royal government?

20

During the French expansion, what areas were taken over by the French?

Mississippi Valley, Newfoundland to Manitoba

What year did New France control a large portion of the continent?

1682

What made the French colony difficult to defend?

Low population but a massive frontier

The population was small but spread out

church =

religious and social center

How was the church supported by?

tithes (taxes) given by colonists

Who was the head of the church

Bishop

How long did the seigneurial system last?

1627-1854

What was the seigneurial system modeled by?

The French FEUDAL system

Where did the Seigneurial system begin?

New France

What was the seigneur expected to build amongst other things?

Grist mill

What made seigneurs different from others? What were they usually before being a settler?

They were most privileged.

In the military or aristocracy

Who would set up the court of law, set up a mill, and organize a commune?

Seigneurs

What happened in 1665?

Carignan-Salières regiment were dispatched from FRANCE to END the IROQUOIS.

What were the incentives to settle in New France?

Free passage, free land, farming implements

What are habitants?

Farmers

What did the women and children do that were habitants?

Cooked, made clothing and furniture

How young were the girls of “daughters of the king”

12-16

How many children did they want the daughters of the king to have?

10-12

What was the indentured servants role in New France?

3 year contract

Can’t marry, be involved in the fur trade, leave, or work for another

True or false, indentured servants can be sold without consent

True

What percent of indentured servants return to France?

50%

What does Les coureurs de bois mean?

Runners of the woods

When did the beavers become scarce?

Late 1600s

What made the French traders go farther north?

Because the beavers became scarce along the St. Lawrence river

Where did the runners of the woods prefer to live?

With the First Nations

When did the Jesuits begin converting First Nations?

1625

What are jesuits?

Society of Jesus

true or false the First Nations learned the jesuits languages

False: the jesuits learned First Nation languages

What did the jesuits bring?

Disease, break up of families, conflict

When did the fight between Britain and France intensify?

18th century

What areas did France surrender to the British?

Almost all of Newfoundland

Hudson Bay

Acadia

What did the treaty of Utrecht stop?

The war of the Spanish Succession in Europe between 1701-1713

Where was the first successful settlement in Acadia?

At Port Royal in 1605

What did the acadians have in 1713 when power was switched to the British?

Neutrality Clause

In what year was Charles Lawrence named the Governor of Nova Scotia?

1754

How many years after his appointment as governor did Charles remove the neutrality clause?

1!

In 1755 he ordered the mass expulsion of Acadians

How many Acadians were expelled? What time frame?

10,000

1755-1762

What was the name change of Acadians?

From Acadian to Cajun

What was the time frame fir the Seven Years of War?

1756-1763

True or false? The Britain and France was only in NA

False: global

What were the focus areas for winning between Britain and France?

Britain: NA

France: Europe

Where was the main contention?

In Ohio Valley

What did the Britain have that the French didn’t in terms of power?

Naval superiority

Where is the heart of New France?

Quebec

When was the fortress of Louisburg taken over?

1758

How many days did the cannon fire last against the French?

49

When did General James Wolfe arrive in New France?

1759

What is described as region of terror?

Quebec

How long did the attack that started in July 12, 1759 last?

9 weeks

When was the final attack made by Britain?

Sept 13, 1759

Where was the final attack? Plains of Abraham,

outside of Quebec

how many men did Montcalm have? How many died?

4500, 1300 died

What should Montcalm have done in the battle that lasted 15 mins?

Waited before rushing into war

When was the Article of Capitulation signed?

On sept 8, 1760

After the war and Britain won, what did the people of New France feel?

They felt that France abandoned them

What happened in 1763?

The treaty of Paris ended the war and Seder New France to Britain

What territories of NFL are still France?

St. Pierre and Miquelon

What was an error that Montcalm made in the fight?

Left the fort to fight in the open, dividing his forces

What is the difference between the population of France and Britain?

Britains population was much greater

True or false: fur trade required a large population

False